三是着手解决党政不分、以党代政的问题。
Third, it is time for us to distinguish between the responsibilities of the Party and those of the government and to stop substituting the former for the latter.
中央一部分主要领导同志不兼任政府职务，可以集中精力管党，管路线、方针、政策。
Those principal leading comrades of the Central Committee who are to be relieved of their concurrent government posts can concentrate their energies on our Party work, on matters concerning the Party's line, guiding principles and policies.
这样做，有利于加强和改善中央的统一领导，有利于建立各级政府自上而下的强有力的工作系统，管好政府职权范围的工作。
This will help strengthen and improve the unified leadership of the Central Committee, facilitate the establishment of an effective work system at the various levels of government from top to bottom, and promote a better exercise of government functions and powers.
四是从长远着想，解决好交接班的问题。
Fourth, we must take the long-term interest into account and solve the problem of the succession in leadership.
老同志是党和国家的宝贵财富，责任重大，而他们现在第一位的任务，是帮助党组织正确地选择接班人。
As precious assets of the Party and state, the older comrades shoulder heavy responsibilities.
Their primary task now is to help the Party organizations find worthy successors to work for our cause.
让比较年轻的同志走上第一线，老同志当好他们的参谋，支持他们的工作，这是保持党和政府正确领导的连续性、稳定性的重大战略措施。
It is of great strategic importance for us to ensure the continuity and stability of the correct leadership of our Party and state by having younger comrades take the “front-line” posts while the older comrades give them the necessary advice and support.
中央的这些考虑，是为了对党和国家的领导制度进行必要的改革。
These considerations are put forth by the Central Committee with a view to carrying out the necessary reform of the system of Party and state leadership.
五中全会决定成立书记处，中央已经迈出第一步。
The Central Committee has already taken the first step so far as Party leadership is concerned by deciding at its Fifth Plenary Session [in February 1980] to re-establish the Secretariat.
这次国务院领导成员的变动，是改善政府领导制度的第一步。
Now the proposed changes in the leadership of the State Council represent a first step in improving the system of government leadership.
为了适应社会主义现代化建设的需要，为了适应党和国家政治生活民主化的需要，为了兴利除弊，党和国家的领导制度以及其他制度，需要改革的很多。
In order to meet the requirements of socialist modernization and of the democratization of the political life of the Party and state, to promote what is beneficial and eliminate what is harmful, many aspects of our system of Party and state leadership and of our other systems need to be reformed.
我们要不断总结历史经验，深入调查研究，集中正确意见，从中央到地方，积极地、有步骤地继续进行改革。
We should regularly sum up historical experience, carry out intensive surveys and studies and synthesize the correct views so as to continue the reform vigorously and systematically, step by step from the central level on down.
改革党和国家领导制度及其他制度，是为了充分发挥社会主义制度的优越性，加速现代化建设事业的发展。
The purpose of reforming the system of Party and state leadership and other systems is to take full advantage of the superiority of socialism and speed up China's modernization.
我们要充分发挥社会主义制度的优越性，当前和今后一个时期，主要应当努力实现以下三个方面的要求：（一）经济上，迅速发展社会生产力，逐步改善人民的物质文化生活；（二）政治上，充分发扬人民民主，保证全体人民真正享有通过各种有效形式管理国家、特别是管理基层地方政权和各项企业事业的权力，享有各项公民权利，健全革命法制，正确处理人民内部矛盾，打击一切敌对力量和犯罪活动，调动人民群众的积极性，巩固和发展安定团结、生动活泼的政治局面；（三）为了实现以上两方面的要求，组织上，迫切需要大量培养、发现、提拔、使用坚持四项基本原则的、比较年轻的、有专业知识的社会主义现代化建设人才。
To take full advantage of the superiority of socialism, we should work hard, now and for some time to come, to achieve the following three major objectives: (1) In the economic sphere, to rapidly develop the productive forces and gradually improve the people's material and cultural life. (2) In the political sphere, to practise people's democracy to the full, ensuring that through various effective forms, all the people truly enjoy the right to manage state affairs and particularly state organs at the grass-roots level and to run enterprises and institutions, and that they truly enjoy all the other rights of citizens; to perfect the revolutionary legal system; to handle contradictions among the people correctly; to crack down on all hostile forces and criminal activities; and to arouse the enthusiasm of the people and consolidate and develop a political situation marked by stability, unity and liveliness. (3) In the organizational sphere, if we are to achieve these objectives, there is an urgent need to discover, train, employ and promote a large number of younger cadres for socialist modernization, cadres who adhere to the Four Cardinal Principles and have professional knowledge.
我们进行社会主义现代化建设，是要在经济上赶上发达的资本主义国家，在政治上创造比资本主义国家的民主更高更切实的民主，并且造就比这些国家更多更优秀的人才。
In the drive for socialist modernization, our objectives are: economically, to catch up with the developed capitalist countries; and politically, to create a higher level of democracy with more substance than that of capitalist countries.
We also aim to produce more and better-trained professionals than they do.
达到上述三个要求，时间有的可以短些，有的要长些，但是作为一个社会主义大国，我们能够也必须达到。
It may take us different lengths of time to attain these three objectives.
But as a vast socialist country, we can and must attain them.
所以，党和国家的各种制度究竟好不好，完善不完善，必须用是否有利于实现这三条来检验。
The merits of our Party and state institutions should be judged on the basis of whether or not they help us advance towards our objectives.
这里着重讲一下从组织上发挥社会主义的优越性，自觉地更新各级党政领导机关，逐步实现领导人员年轻化、专业化的问题。
I would now like to discuss at some length the question of making the best use organizationally of the superiority of socialism and of consciously renewing the leadership in Party and government organs at the different levels so as to bring increasing numbers of younger and professionally more competent persons into leading positions.
多年来，我们没有在坚持四项基本原则的前提下，大胆提拔和放手使用比较年轻的有专业知识又有实际经验的人才。
We should have freely promoted and used younger comrades with both professional knowledge and practical experience, on the condition that we bore in mind the four cardinal principles.
For years, however, we failed to do so.
在“文化大革命”期间，我们的大批干部遭到林彪、“四人帮”的迫害，干部工作遭到严重破坏。
Then, during the “cultural revolution”, a great many of our cadres were persecuted by Lin Biao and the Gang of Four, and our cadre work suffered seriously.
这就造成了现在各级领导人员普遍老化的状况。
That's one of the reasons why most of our present leaders at various levels are too old.
人才问题，主要是个组织路线问题。
The question of qualified personnel is mainly one of organizational line.
这是国家现代化建设事业客观存在的迫切需要，并不是一些老同志心血来潮提出的问题。
This is not just the whim of a few veteran comrades: it is an objective and pressing need of our modernization drive.
有些同志担心，在提拔中青年干部的时候，也许会把一些帮派分子甚至打砸抢分子选上来。
Some comrades worry that in promoting young and middle-aged cadres we might select some factionalists or even some individuals who engaged in beating, smashing and looting during the “cultural revolution”.
这种担心有一定道理。
Their concern is not entirely groundless,