后一种看法比较有眼光。
These last are far-sighted.
我们所有的改革都是为了一个目的，就是扫除发展社会生产力的障碍。
All our reforms have the same aim: to clear away the obstacles to the development of the productive forces.
过去我们进行了新民主主义革命，建国后完成了土地改革，又进行了农业、手工业和资本主义工商业的社会主义改造，建立了社会主义经济基础，那是一个伟大的革命。
In the past we carried out the new-democratic revolution.
After the founding of the People's Republic, we completed agrarian reform and conducted the socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce, thus establishing the socialist economic base.
All this was a great revolution,
但是在建立社会主义经济基础以后，多年来没有制定出为发展生产力创造良好条件的政策。
But in the many years following the establishment of the socialist economic base, we failed to work out policies that would create favourable conditions for the development of the productive forces.
社会生产力发展缓慢，人民的物质和文化生活条件得不到理想的改善，国家也无法摆脱贫穷落后的状态。
As a result, they developed slowly, the material and cultural life of the people did not improve rapidly enough, and the country could not free itself from poverty and backwardness.
这种情况，迫使我们在一九七八年十二月召开的党的十一届三中全会上决定进行改革。
Under these circumstances, in December 1978, at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, we were compelled to decide on a course of reform.
我们总的原则是四个坚持：坚持社会主义道路，坚持人民民主专政，坚持共产党的领导，坚持马列主义、毛泽东思想。
Our general principles are that we should keep to the socialist road, uphold the people's democratic dictatorship, uphold leadership by the Communist Party and uphold Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.
这已经写进中国的宪法。
These principles have been written into China's Constitution.
问题是怎么坚持。
The problem is how to implement them.
是坚持那种不能摆脱贫穷落后状态的政策，还是在坚持四项原则的基础上选择好的政策，使社会生产力得到比较快的发展？
十一届三中全会决定进行改革，就是要选择好的政策。
Should we follow a policy that will not help us shake off poverty and backwardness, or should we, on the basis of those four principles, choose a better policy that will enable us to rapidly develop the productive forces?
Our decision at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee to carry out reform meant that we were choosing a better policy.
改革的性质同过去的革命一样，也是为了扫除发展社会生产力的障碍，使中国摆脱贫穷落后的状态。
Just like our past revolutions, the reform is designed to clear away the obstacles to the development of the productive forces and to lift China out of poverty and backwardness.
从这个意义上说，改革也可以叫革命性的变革。
In this sense, the reform may also be called a revolutionary change.
我们的经济改革，概括一点说，就是对内搞活，对外开放。
In a nutshell, our economic reform means invigorating the domestic economy and opening to the outside world.
对内搞活，也是对内开放，通过开放调动全国人民的积极性。
Invigorating the domestic economy means opening domestically, so as to stimulate the initiative of the people throughout the country.
农村经济一开放，八亿农民的积极性就起来了。
As soon as the open policy was implemented in the countryside, the initiative of the 800 million peasants was aroused.
城市经济开放，同样要调动企业和社会各方面的积极性。
The open policy in the cities will likewise stimulate the initiative of enterprises and of all sectors of society.
至于吸收外国资金，这是作为发展社会生产力的一个补充，不用担心它会冲击社会主义制度。
As for the practice of absorbing foreign funds, it is a supplementary means of developing the productive forces, and we need not worry that it will undermine the socialist system.
搞活开放也会带来消极影响，我们要意识到这一点，但有办法解决，没有什么了不起。
Of course, the policies of invigorating the economy and opening to the outside may have certain negative effects, and we need to be aware of that.
But we can cope with that; it is nothing serious.
因为从政治上讲，我们的国家机器是社会主义性质的，它有能力保障社会主义制度。
This is because from the political point of view, our socialist state apparatus can safeguard the socialist system.
从经济上讲，我国的社会主义经济在工业、农业、商业和其他方面已经建立了相当坚实的基础。
And from the economic point of view, our socialist economy already has a solid basis in industry, agriculture, commerce and other sectors.
这就是我们对这个问题的看法。
That is how we look upon the possible negative effects of our policy.
我们的改革不仅在中国，而且在国际范围内也是一种试验，我们相信会成功。
Our reform is an experiment not only for China but also for the rest of the world.
We believe the experiment will succeed.
如果成功了，可以对世界上的社会主义事业和不发达国家的发展提供某些经验。
If it does, our experience may be useful to the cause of world socialism and to other developing countries.