諸侯之位，阼階之東，西面北上。
Formerly, when the duke of Zhou gave audience to the feudal princes in their several places in the Hall of Distinction, the son of Heaven stood with his back to the axe-embroidered screen, and his face towards the south.
The three dukes were in front of the steps, in the middle, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the most honourable position.
The places of the marquises were at the east of the eastern steps, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the most honourable position.
The lords of the earldoms were at the west of the western steps, with their faces to the east, inclining also and for the same reason to the north.
The counts were on the east of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the more honourable position.
The barons were on the west of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining also and for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Yi were outside the eastern door, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the position of honour; those of the eight Rong were outside the door on the south, with their faces to the north, inclining for the same reason to the cast; those of the six Zung were outside the door on the west, with their faces to the east, inclining for the same reason to the south; and those of the five Di were outside the door on the north, with their faces to the south, inclining for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Cai were outside the Ying gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the position of honour for them; those of the four Sai (also) came, who had only once in their time to announce their arrival (at the court).
These were the places of the lords in the Hall of Distinction (when they appeared before) the duke of Zhou.
The Hall of Distinction was so called, because in it the rank of the princes was clearly shown as high or low.
諸伯之國，西階之西，東面北上。
Formerly, when the duke of Zhou gave audience to the feudal princes in their several places in the Hall of Distinction, the son of Heaven stood with his back to the axe-embroidered screen, and his face towards the south.
The three dukes were in front of the steps, in the middle, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the most honourable position.
The places of the marquises were at the east of the eastern steps, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the most honourable position.
The lords of the earldoms were at the west of the western steps, with their faces to the east, inclining also and for the same reason to the north.
The counts were on the east of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the more honourable position.
The barons were on the west of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining also and for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Yi were outside the eastern door, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the position of honour; those of the eight Rong were outside the door on the south, with their faces to the north, inclining for the same reason to the cast; those of the six Zung were outside the door on the west, with their faces to the east, inclining for the same reason to the south; and those of the five Di were outside the door on the north, with their faces to the south, inclining for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Cai were outside the Ying gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the position of honour for them; those of the four Sai (also) came, who had only once in their time to announce their arrival (at the court).
These were the places of the lords in the Hall of Distinction (when they appeared before) the duke of Zhou.
The Hall of Distinction was so called, because in it the rank of the princes was clearly shown as high or low.
諸子之國，門東，北面東上。
Formerly, when the duke of Zhou gave audience to the feudal princes in their several places in the Hall of Distinction, the son of Heaven stood with his back to the axe-embroidered screen, and his face towards the south.
The three dukes were in front of the steps, in the middle, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the most honourable position.
The places of the marquises were at the east of the eastern steps, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the most honourable position.
The lords of the earldoms were at the west of the western steps, with their faces to the east, inclining also and for the same reason to the north.
The counts were on the east of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the more honourable position.
The barons were on the west of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining also and for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Yi were outside the eastern door, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the position of honour; those of the eight Rong were outside the door on the south, with their faces to the north, inclining for the same reason to the cast; those of the six Zung were outside the door on the west, with their faces to the east, inclining for the same reason to the south; and those of the five Di were outside the door on the north, with their faces to the south, inclining for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Cai were outside the Ying gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the position of honour for them; those of the four Sai (also) came, who had only once in their time to announce their arrival (at the court).
These were the places of the lords in the Hall of Distinction (when they appeared before) the duke of Zhou.
The Hall of Distinction was so called, because in it the rank of the princes was clearly shown as high or low.
諸男之國，門西，北面東上。
Formerly, when the duke of Zhou gave audience to the feudal princes in their several places in the Hall of Distinction, the son of Heaven stood with his back to the axe-embroidered screen, and his face towards the south.
The three dukes were in front of the steps, in the middle, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the most honourable position.
The places of the marquises were at the east of the eastern steps, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the most honourable position.
The lords of the earldoms were at the west of the western steps, with their faces to the east, inclining also and for the same reason to the north.
The counts were on the east of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the more honourable position.
The barons were on the west of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining also and for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Yi were outside the eastern door, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the position of honour; those of the eight Rong were outside the door on the south, with their faces to the north, inclining for the same reason to the cast; those of the six Zung were outside the door on the west, with their faces to the east, inclining for the same reason to the south; and those of the five Di were outside the door on the north, with their faces to the south, inclining for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Cai were outside the Ying gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the position of honour for them; those of the four Sai (also) came, who had only once in their time to announce their arrival (at the court).
These were the places of the lords in the Hall of Distinction (when they appeared before) the duke of Zhou.
The Hall of Distinction was so called, because in it the rank of the princes was clearly shown as high or low.
九夷之國，東門之外，西面北上。
Formerly, when the duke of Zhou gave audience to the feudal princes in their several places in the Hall of Distinction, the son of Heaven stood with his back to the axe-embroidered screen, and his face towards the south.
The three dukes were in front of the steps, in the middle, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the most honourable position.
The places of the marquises were at the east of the eastern steps, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the most honourable position.
The lords of the earldoms were at the west of the western steps, with their faces to the east, inclining also and for the same reason to the north.
The counts were on the east of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the more honourable position.
The barons were on the west of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining also and for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Yi were outside the eastern door, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the position of honour; those of the eight Rong were outside the door on the south, with their faces to the north, inclining for the same reason to the cast; those of the six Zung were outside the door on the west, with their faces to the east, inclining for the same reason to the south; and those of the five Di were outside the door on the north, with their faces to the south, inclining for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Cai were outside the Ying gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the position of honour for them; those of the four Sai (also) came, who had only once in their time to announce their arrival (at the court).
These were the places of the lords in the Hall of Distinction (when they appeared before) the duke of Zhou.
The Hall of Distinction was so called, because in it the rank of the princes was clearly shown as high or low.
八蠻之國，南門之外，北面東上。
Formerly, when the duke of Zhou gave audience to the feudal princes in their several places in the Hall of Distinction, the son of Heaven stood with his back to the axe-embroidered screen, and his face towards the south.
The three dukes were in front of the steps, in the middle, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the most honourable position.
The places of the marquises were at the east of the eastern steps, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the most honourable position.
The lords of the earldoms were at the west of the western steps, with their faces to the east, inclining also and for the same reason to the north.
The counts were on the east of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the more honourable position.
The barons were on the west of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining also and for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Yi were outside the eastern door, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the position of honour; those of the eight Rong were outside the door on the south, with their faces to the north, inclining for the same reason to the cast; those of the six Zung were outside the door on the west, with their faces to the east, inclining for the same reason to the south; and those of the five Di were outside the door on the north, with their faces to the south, inclining for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Cai were outside the Ying gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the position of honour for them; those of the four Sai (also) came, who had only once in their time to announce their arrival (at the court).
These were the places of the lords in the Hall of Distinction (when they appeared before) the duke of Zhou.
The Hall of Distinction was so called, because in it the rank of the princes was clearly shown as high or low.
六戎之國，西門之外，東面南上。
Formerly, when the duke of Zhou gave audience to the feudal princes in their several places in the Hall of Distinction, the son of Heaven stood with his back to the axe-embroidered screen, and his face towards the south.
The three dukes were in front of the steps, in the middle, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the most honourable position.
The places of the marquises were at the east of the eastern steps, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the most honourable position.
The lords of the earldoms were at the west of the western steps, with their faces to the east, inclining also and for the same reason to the north.
The counts were on the east of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the more honourable position.
The barons were on the west of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining also and for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Yi were outside the eastern door, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the position of honour; those of the eight Rong were outside the door on the south, with their faces to the north, inclining for the same reason to the cast; those of the six Zung were outside the door on the west, with their faces to the east, inclining for the same reason to the south; and those of the five Di were outside the door on the north, with their faces to the south, inclining for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Cai were outside the Ying gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the position of honour for them; those of the four Sai (also) came, who had only once in their time to announce their arrival (at the court).
These were the places of the lords in the Hall of Distinction (when they appeared before) the duke of Zhou.
The Hall of Distinction was so called, because in it the rank of the princes was clearly shown as high or low.
五狄之國，北門之外，南面東上。
Formerly, when the duke of Zhou gave audience to the feudal princes in their several places in the Hall of Distinction, the son of Heaven stood with his back to the axe-embroidered screen, and his face towards the south.
The three dukes were in front of the steps, in the middle, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the most honourable position.
The places of the marquises were at the east of the eastern steps, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the most honourable position.
The lords of the earldoms were at the west of the western steps, with their faces to the east, inclining also and for the same reason to the north.
The counts were on the east of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the more honourable position.
The barons were on the west of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining also and for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Yi were outside the eastern door, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the position of honour; those of the eight Rong were outside the door on the south, with their faces to the north, inclining for the same reason to the cast; those of the six Zung were outside the door on the west, with their faces to the east, inclining for the same reason to the south; and those of the five Di were outside the door on the north, with their faces to the south, inclining for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Cai were outside the Ying gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the position of honour for them; those of the four Sai (also) came, who had only once in their time to announce their arrival (at the court).
These were the places of the lords in the Hall of Distinction (when they appeared before) the duke of Zhou.
The Hall of Distinction was so called, because in it the rank of the princes was clearly shown as high or low.
九采之國，應門之外，北面東上。
Formerly, when the duke of Zhou gave audience to the feudal princes in their several places in the Hall of Distinction, the son of Heaven stood with his back to the axe-embroidered screen, and his face towards the south.
The three dukes were in front of the steps, in the middle, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the most honourable position.
The places of the marquises were at the east of the eastern steps, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the most honourable position.
The lords of the earldoms were at the west of the western steps, with their faces to the east, inclining also and for the same reason to the north.
The counts were on the east of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the more honourable position.
The barons were on the west of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining also and for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Yi were outside the eastern door, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the position of honour; those of the eight Rong were outside the door on the south, with their faces to the north, inclining for the same reason to the cast; those of the six Zung were outside the door on the west, with their faces to the east, inclining for the same reason to the south; and those of the five Di were outside the door on the north, with their faces to the south, inclining for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Cai were outside the Ying gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the position of honour for them; those of the four Sai (also) came, who had only once in their time to announce their arrival (at the court).
These were the places of the lords in the Hall of Distinction (when they appeared before) the duke of Zhou.
The Hall of Distinction was so called, because in it the rank of the princes was clearly shown as high or low.
四塞，世告至。
Formerly, when the duke of Zhou gave audience to the feudal princes in their several places in the Hall of Distinction, the son of Heaven stood with his back to the axe-embroidered screen, and his face towards the south.
The three dukes were in front of the steps, in the middle, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the most honourable position.
The places of the marquises were at the east of the eastern steps, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the most honourable position.
The lords of the earldoms were at the west of the western steps, with their faces to the east, inclining also and for the same reason to the north.
The counts were on the east of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the more honourable position.
The barons were on the west of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining also and for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Yi were outside the eastern door, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the position of honour; those of the eight Rong were outside the door on the south, with their faces to the north, inclining for the same reason to the cast; those of the six Zung were outside the door on the west, with their faces to the east, inclining for the same reason to the south; and those of the five Di were outside the door on the north, with their faces to the south, inclining for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Cai were outside the Ying gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the position of honour for them; those of the four Sai (also) came, who had only once in their time to announce their arrival (at the court).
These were the places of the lords in the Hall of Distinction (when they appeared before) the duke of Zhou.
The Hall of Distinction was so called, because in it the rank of the princes was clearly shown as high or low.
此周公明堂之位也。
Formerly, when the duke of Zhou gave audience to the feudal princes in their several places in the Hall of Distinction, the son of Heaven stood with his back to the axe-embroidered screen, and his face towards the south.
The three dukes were in front of the steps, in the middle, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the most honourable position.
The places of the marquises were at the east of the eastern steps, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the most honourable position.
The lords of the earldoms were at the west of the western steps, with their faces to the east, inclining also and for the same reason to the north.
The counts were on the east of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the more honourable position.
The barons were on the west of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining also and for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Yi were outside the eastern door, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the position of honour; those of the eight Rong were outside the door on the south, with their faces to the north, inclining for the same reason to the cast; those of the six Zung were outside the door on the west, with their faces to the east, inclining for the same reason to the south; and those of the five Di were outside the door on the north, with their faces to the south, inclining for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Cai were outside the Ying gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the position of honour for them; those of the four Sai (also) came, who had only once in their time to announce their arrival (at the court).
These were the places of the lords in the Hall of Distinction (when they appeared before) the duke of Zhou.
The Hall of Distinction was so called, because in it the rank of the princes was clearly shown as high or low.
明堂也者，明諸侯之尊卑也。
Formerly, when the duke of Zhou gave audience to the feudal princes in their several places in the Hall of Distinction, the son of Heaven stood with his back to the axe-embroidered screen, and his face towards the south.
The three dukes were in front of the steps, in the middle, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the most honourable position.
The places of the marquises were at the east of the eastern steps, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the most honourable position.
The lords of the earldoms were at the west of the western steps, with their faces to the east, inclining also and for the same reason to the north.
The counts were on the east of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the more honourable position.
The barons were on the west of the gate, with their faces to the north, inclining also and for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Yi were outside the eastern door, with their faces to the west, inclining to the north as the position of honour; those of the eight Rong were outside the door on the south, with their faces to the north, inclining for the same reason to the cast; those of the six Zung were outside the door on the west, with their faces to the east, inclining for the same reason to the south; and those of the five Di were outside the door on the north, with their faces to the south, inclining for the same reason to the east.
The chiefs of the nine Cai were outside the Ying gate, with their faces to the north, inclining to the east as the position of honour for them; those of the four Sai (also) came, who had only once in their time to announce their arrival (at the court).
These were the places of the lords in the Hall of Distinction (when they appeared before) the duke of Zhou.
The Hall of Distinction was so called, because in it the rank of the princes was clearly shown as high or low.
子云：「好德如好色。」諸侯不下漁色。
The Master said, 'The love of virtue should be like the love of beauty (from an inward constraint).
Princes of states should not be like fishers for beauty (in the families) below them.
Hence the superior man keeps aloof from beauty, in order to constitute a rule for the people.
Thus male and female, in giving and receiving, do not allow their hands to touch; in driving his wife in a carriage, a husband advances his left hand; when a young aunt, a sister, or a daughter has been married, and returns (to her father's house), no male can sit on the same mat with her; a widow should not wail at night; when a wife is ill, in asking for her, the nature of her illness should not be mentioned:-in this way it was sought to keep the people (from irregular connexions); and yet there are those who become licentious, and introduce disorder and confusion among their kindred.'
故君子遠色以為民紀。
The Master said, 'The love of virtue should be like the love of beauty (from an inward constraint).
Princes of states should not be like fishers for beauty (in the families) below them.
Hence the superior man keeps aloof from beauty, in order to constitute a rule for the people.
Thus male and female, in giving and receiving, do not allow their hands to touch; in driving his wife in a carriage, a husband advances his left hand; when a young aunt, a sister, or a daughter has been married, and returns (to her father's house), no male can sit on the same mat with her; a widow should not wail at night; when a wife is ill, in asking for her, the nature of her illness should not be mentioned:-in this way it was sought to keep the people (from irregular connexions); and yet there are those who become licentious, and introduce disorder and confusion among their kindred.'
故男女授受不親。
The Master said, 'The love of virtue should be like the love of beauty (from an inward constraint).
Princes of states should not be like fishers for beauty (in the families) below them.
Hence the superior man keeps aloof from beauty, in order to constitute a rule for the people.
Thus male and female, in giving and receiving, do not allow their hands to touch; in driving his wife in a carriage, a husband advances his left hand; when a young aunt, a sister, or a daughter has been married, and returns (to her father's house), no male can sit on the same mat with her; a widow should not wail at night; when a wife is ill, in asking for her, the nature of her illness should not be mentioned:-in this way it was sought to keep the people (from irregular connexions); and yet there are those who become licentious, and introduce disorder and confusion among their kindred.'
御婦人則進左手。
The Master said, 'The love of virtue should be like the love of beauty (from an inward constraint).
Princes of states should not be like fishers for beauty (in the families) below them.
Hence the superior man keeps aloof from beauty, in order to constitute a rule for the people.
Thus male and female, in giving and receiving, do not allow their hands to touch; in driving his wife in a carriage, a husband advances his left hand; when a young aunt, a sister, or a daughter has been married, and returns (to her father's house), no male can sit on the same mat with her; a widow should not wail at night; when a wife is ill, in asking for her, the nature of her illness should not be mentioned:-in this way it was sought to keep the people (from irregular connexions); and yet there are those who become licentious, and introduce disorder and confusion among their kindred.'
姑姊妹女子子已嫁而反，男子不與同席而坐。
The Master said, 'The love of virtue should be like the love of beauty (from an inward constraint).
Princes of states should not be like fishers for beauty (in the families) below them.
Hence the superior man keeps aloof from beauty, in order to constitute a rule for the people.
Thus male and female, in giving and receiving, do not allow their hands to touch; in driving his wife in a carriage, a husband advances his left hand; when a young aunt, a sister, or a daughter has been married, and returns (to her father's house), no male can sit on the same mat with her; a widow should not wail at night; when a wife is ill, in asking for her, the nature of her illness should not be mentioned:-in this way it was sought to keep the people (from irregular connexions); and yet there are those who become licentious, and introduce disorder and confusion among their kindred.'
寡婦不夜哭。
The Master said, 'The love of virtue should be like the love of beauty (from an inward constraint).
Princes of states should not be like fishers for beauty (in the families) below them.
Hence the superior man keeps aloof from beauty, in order to constitute a rule for the people.
Thus male and female, in giving and receiving, do not allow their hands to touch; in driving his wife in a carriage, a husband advances his left hand; when a young aunt, a sister, or a daughter has been married, and returns (to her father's house), no male can sit on the same mat with her; a widow should not wail at night; when a wife is ill, in asking for her, the nature of her illness should not be mentioned:-in this way it was sought to keep the people (from irregular connexions); and yet there are those who become licentious, and introduce disorder and confusion among their kindred.'
婦人疾，問之不問其疾。
The Master said, 'The love of virtue should be like the love of beauty (from an inward constraint).
Princes of states should not be like fishers for beauty (in the families) below them.
Hence the superior man keeps aloof from beauty, in order to constitute a rule for the people.
Thus male and female, in giving and receiving, do not allow their hands to touch; in driving his wife in a carriage, a husband advances his left hand; when a young aunt, a sister, or a daughter has been married, and returns (to her father's house), no male can sit on the same mat with her; a widow should not wail at night; when a wife is ill, in asking for her, the nature of her illness should not be mentioned:-in this way it was sought to keep the people (from irregular connexions); and yet there are those who become licentious, and introduce disorder and confusion among their kindred.'
以此坊民，民猶淫泆而亂於族。
The Master said, 'The love of virtue should be like the love of beauty (from an inward constraint).
Princes of states should not be like fishers for beauty (in the families) below them.
Hence the superior man keeps aloof from beauty, in order to constitute a rule for the people.
Thus male and female, in giving and receiving, do not allow their hands to touch; in driving his wife in a carriage, a husband advances his left hand; when a young aunt, a sister, or a daughter has been married, and returns (to her father's house), no male can sit on the same mat with her; a widow should not wail at night; when a wife is ill, in asking for her, the nature of her illness should not be mentioned:-in this way it was sought to keep the people (from irregular connexions); and yet there are those who become licentious, and introduce disorder and confusion among their kindred.'
子曰：「君子不以色親人；情疏而貌親，在小人則穿窬之盜也與？」
The Master said, 'The superior man is not affectionate to others with his countenance (merely) as if, while cold in feeling, he could assume the appearance of affection.
That belongs to the small man, and stamps him as no better than the thief who makes a hole in the wall.'
卒哭乃諱。
When the ceremony of wailing is over, a son should no longer speak of his deceased father by his name.
The rules do not require the avoiding of names merely similar in sound to those not to be spoken.
When (a parent had) a double name, the avoiding of either term (used singly) is not required.
While his parents (are alive), and a son is able to serve them, he should not utter the names of his grandparents; when he can no longer serve his parents (through their death), he need not avoid the names of his grandparents.
Names that would not be spoken (in his own family) need not be avoided (by a great officer) before his ruler; in the great officer's, however, the names proper to be suppressed by the ruler should not be spoken.
In (reading) the books of poetry and history, there need be no avoiding of names, nor in writing compositions.
In the ancestral temple there is no such avoiding.
Even in his presence, a minister need not avoid the names improper to be spoken by the ruler's wife.
The names to be avoided by a wife need not be unspoken outside the door of the harem.
The names of parties for whom mourning is worn (only) nine months or five months are not avoided.
When one is crossing the boundaries (of a state), he should ask what are its prohibitory laws; when he has fairly entered it, he should ask about its customs; before entering the door (of a house), he should ask about the names to be avoided in it.
禮，不諱嫌名。
When the ceremony of wailing is over, a son should no longer speak of his deceased father by his name.
The rules do not require the avoiding of names merely similar in sound to those not to be spoken.
When (a parent had) a double name, the avoiding of either term (used singly) is not required.
While his parents (are alive), and a son is able to serve them, he should not utter the names of his grandparents; when he can no longer serve his parents (through their death), he need not avoid the names of his grandparents.
Names that would not be spoken (in his own family) need not be avoided (by a great officer) before his ruler; in the great officer's, however, the names proper to be suppressed by the ruler should not be spoken.
In (reading) the books of poetry and history, there need be no avoiding of names, nor in writing compositions.
In the ancestral temple there is no such avoiding.
Even in his presence, a minister need not avoid the names improper to be spoken by the ruler's wife.
The names to be avoided by a wife need not be unspoken outside the door of the harem.
The names of parties for whom mourning is worn (only) nine months or five months are not avoided.
When one is crossing the boundaries (of a state), he should ask what are its prohibitory laws; when he has fairly entered it, he should ask about its customs; before entering the door (of a house), he should ask about the names to be avoided in it.
二名不偏諱。
When the ceremony of wailing is over, a son should no longer speak of his deceased father by his name.
The rules do not require the avoiding of names merely similar in sound to those not to be spoken.
When (a parent had) a double name, the avoiding of either term (used singly) is not required.
While his parents (are alive), and a son is able to serve them, he should not utter the names of his grandparents; when he can no longer serve his parents (through their death), he need not avoid the names of his grandparents.
Names that would not be spoken (in his own family) need not be avoided (by a great officer) before his ruler; in the great officer's, however, the names proper to be suppressed by the ruler should not be spoken.
In (reading) the books of poetry and history, there need be no avoiding of names, nor in writing compositions.
In the ancestral temple there is no such avoiding.
Even in his presence, a minister need not avoid the names improper to be spoken by the ruler's wife.
The names to be avoided by a wife need not be unspoken outside the door of the harem.
The names of parties for whom mourning is worn (only) nine months or five months are not avoided.
When one is crossing the boundaries (of a state), he should ask what are its prohibitory laws; when he has fairly entered it, he should ask about its customs; before entering the door (of a house), he should ask about the names to be avoided in it.