有從重而輕，為妻之父母。
The Directory for Mourning says, 'There are cases in which parties wear deep mourning, while those, in consequence of their connexion with whom they assume it, wear only light.' Such is the mourning for her husband's mother by the wife of the son of a ruler (by a concubine).
There are cases in which parties wear light mourning, while those, in consequence of their connexion with whom they assume it, wear deep mourning.' Such is the mourning of a husband for the father or mother of his wife.
There are cases in which parties wear mourning, while those, in consequence of their connexion with whom they have a relation with the deceased, wear none.' Such is the case of the wife of a ruler's son with the cousins of her husband on the female side.
There are cases in which parties wear no mourning, while those, in consequence of their connexion with whom they have a relation with the deceased, do wear mourning.' Such is the case of a ruler's son with regard to the father and mother of his wife.'
有從無服而有服，公子之妻為公子之外兄弟。
The Directory for Mourning says, 'There are cases in which parties wear deep mourning, while those, in consequence of their connexion with whom they assume it, wear only light.' Such is the mourning for her husband's mother by the wife of the son of a ruler (by a concubine).
There are cases in which parties wear light mourning, while those, in consequence of their connexion with whom they assume it, wear deep mourning.' Such is the mourning of a husband for the father or mother of his wife.
There are cases in which parties wear mourning, while those, in consequence of their connexion with whom they have a relation with the deceased, wear none.' Such is the case of the wife of a ruler's son with the cousins of her husband on the female side.
There are cases in which parties wear no mourning, while those, in consequence of their connexion with whom they have a relation with the deceased, do wear mourning.' Such is the case of a ruler's son with regard to the father and mother of his wife.'
有從有服而無服，公子為其妻之父母。」
The Directory for Mourning says, 'There are cases in which parties wear deep mourning, while those, in consequence of their connexion with whom they assume it, wear only light.' Such is the mourning for her husband's mother by the wife of the son of a ruler (by a concubine).
There are cases in which parties wear light mourning, while those, in consequence of their connexion with whom they assume it, wear deep mourning.' Such is the mourning of a husband for the father or mother of his wife.
There are cases in which parties wear mourning, while those, in consequence of their connexion with whom they have a relation with the deceased, wear none.' Such is the case of the wife of a ruler's son with the cousins of her husband on the female side.
There are cases in which parties wear no mourning, while those, in consequence of their connexion with whom they have a relation with the deceased, do wear mourning.' Such is the case of a ruler's son with regard to the father and mother of his wife.'
昔者先王，未有宮室，冬則居營窟，夏則居橧巢。
'Formerly the ancient kings had no houses.
In winter they lived in caves which they had excavated, and in summer in nests which they had framed.
They knew not yet the transforming power of fire, but ate the fruits of plants and trees, and the flesh of birds and beasts, drinking their blood, and swallowing (also) the hair and feathers.
They knew not yet the use of flax and silk, but clothed themselves with feathers and skins.
The later sages then arose, and men (learned) to take advantage of the benefits of fire.
They moulded the metals and fashioned clay, so as to rear towers with structures on them, and houses with windows and doors.
They toasted, grilled, boiled, and roasted.
They produced must and sauces.
They dealt with the flax and silk so as to form linen and silken fabrics.
They were thus able to nourish the living, and to make offerings to the dead; to serve the spirits of the departed and God.
In all these things we follow the example of that early time.
未有火化，食草木之實、鳥獸之肉，飲其血，茹其毛。
'Formerly the ancient kings had no houses.
In winter they lived in caves which they had excavated, and in summer in nests which they had framed.
They knew not yet the transforming power of fire, but ate the fruits of plants and trees, and the flesh of birds and beasts, drinking their blood, and swallowing (also) the hair and feathers.
They knew not yet the use of flax and silk, but clothed themselves with feathers and skins.
The later sages then arose, and men (learned) to take advantage of the benefits of fire.
They moulded the metals and fashioned clay, so as to rear towers with structures on them, and houses with windows and doors.
They toasted, grilled, boiled, and roasted.
They produced must and sauces.
They dealt with the flax and silk so as to form linen and silken fabrics.
They were thus able to nourish the living, and to make offerings to the dead; to serve the spirits of the departed and God.
In all these things we follow the example of that early time.
未有麻絲，衣其羽皮。
'Formerly the ancient kings had no houses.
In winter they lived in caves which they had excavated, and in summer in nests which they had framed.
They knew not yet the transforming power of fire, but ate the fruits of plants and trees, and the flesh of birds and beasts, drinking their blood, and swallowing (also) the hair and feathers.
They knew not yet the use of flax and silk, but clothed themselves with feathers and skins.
The later sages then arose, and men (learned) to take advantage of the benefits of fire.
They moulded the metals and fashioned clay, so as to rear towers with structures on them, and houses with windows and doors.
They toasted, grilled, boiled, and roasted.
They produced must and sauces.
They dealt with the flax and silk so as to form linen and silken fabrics.
They were thus able to nourish the living, and to make offerings to the dead; to serve the spirits of the departed and God.
In all these things we follow the example of that early time.
後聖有作，然後修火之利，范金合土，以為臺榭、宮室、牖戶，以炮以燔，以亨以炙，以為醴酪；治其麻絲，以為布帛，以養生送死，以事鬼神上帝，皆從其朔。
'Formerly the ancient kings had no houses.
In winter they lived in caves which they had excavated, and in summer in nests which they had framed.
They knew not yet the transforming power of fire, but ate the fruits of plants and trees, and the flesh of birds and beasts, drinking their blood, and swallowing (also) the hair and feathers.
They knew not yet the use of flax and silk, but clothed themselves with feathers and skins.
The later sages then arose, and men (learned) to take advantage of the benefits of fire.
They moulded the metals and fashioned clay, so as to rear towers with structures on them, and houses with windows and doors.
They toasted, grilled, boiled, and roasted.
They produced must and sauces.
They dealt with the flax and silk so as to form linen and silken fabrics.
They were thus able to nourish the living, and to make offerings to the dead; to serve the spirits of the departed and God.
In all these things we follow the example of that early time.