齊衰，惡笄以終喪。
When wearing the unhemmed sackcloth (for a father), (the son) tied up his hair with a hempen (band), and also when wearing it for a mother.
When he exchanged this band for the cincture (in the case of mourning for his mother), this was made of linen cloth. (A wife), when wearing the (one year's mourning) of sackcloth with the edges even, had the girdle (of the same), and the inferior hair-pin (of hazel-wood), and wore these to the end of the mourning.
諸侯燕禮之義：君立阼階之東南，南鄉爾卿，大夫皆少進，定位也；君席阼階之上，居主位也；君獨升立席上，西面特立，莫敢適之義也。
The meaning of the ceremony of the banquet at the feudal courts (may be thus described):-The ruler stood on the south-east of (his own) steps on the east, having his face towards the south, fronting the ministers or dignitaries who were nearest to him.
They and all the (other) Great officers came forward a little, taking each his proper station.
The ruler's mat is placed at the top of the eastern steps - there is the station of the host.
The ruler alone goes up and stands on his mat; with his face to the west he stands there by himself - showing that no one presumes to place himself on a par with him.
復衣不以衣尸，不以斂。
The garment which had been used in calling the soul back was not employed to cover the corpse, nor in dressing it.
In calling back the soul of a wife, the upper robe with the purple border in which she had been married was not employed.
In all cases of calling back the soul, a man was called by his name, and a woman by her designation.
Nothing but the wailing preceded the calling the soul back.
After that calling they did what was requisite on an occasion of death.
婦人復，不以袡。
The garment which had been used in calling the soul back was not employed to cover the corpse, nor in dressing it.
In calling back the soul of a wife, the upper robe with the purple border in which she had been married was not employed.
In all cases of calling back the soul, a man was called by his name, and a woman by her designation.
Nothing but the wailing preceded the calling the soul back.
After that calling they did what was requisite on an occasion of death.
凡復，男子稱名，婦人稱字。
The garment which had been used in calling the soul back was not employed to cover the corpse, nor in dressing it.
In calling back the soul of a wife, the upper robe with the purple border in which she had been married was not employed.
In all cases of calling back the soul, a man was called by his name, and a woman by her designation.
Nothing but the wailing preceded the calling the soul back.
After that calling they did what was requisite on an occasion of death.
唯哭先復，復而後行死事。
The garment which had been used in calling the soul back was not employed to cover the corpse, nor in dressing it.
In calling back the soul of a wife, the upper robe with the purple border in which she had been married was not employed.
In all cases of calling back the soul, a man was called by his name, and a woman by her designation.
Nothing but the wailing preceded the calling the soul back.
After that calling they did what was requisite on an occasion of death.
有以少為貴者：天子無介；祭天特牲；天子適諸侯，諸侯膳以犢；諸侯相朝，灌用郁鬯，無籩豆之薦；大夫聘禮以脯醢；天子一食，諸侯再，大夫、士三，食力無數；大路繁纓一就，次路繁纓七就；圭璋特，琥璜爵；鬼神之祭單席。
In other usages, the paucity of things formed the mark of distinction.
To the son of Heaven there were given no attendants, and he sacrificed to Heaven with a single victim; when he visited the princes (on his tours of inspection), he was feasted with a single bullock.
When princes went to the courts of one another, fragrant spirits were used in libations, and there were no dishes on stands, either of wood or bamboo.
At friendly missions by Great officers, the ceremonial offerings were slices of dried meat and pickles.
The son of Heaven declared himself satisfied after 1 dish; a prince, after 2; a Great officer and other officers, after 3; while no limit was set to the eating of people who lived by their labour. (The horses of) the Great carriage had 1 ornamental tassel at their breast-bands; those of the other carriages had 7 (pieces of) jade for rank-tokens; and libation cups were presented singly; as also the tiger-shaped and yellow cups.
In sacrificing to spirits a single mat was used; when princes were giving audience to their ministers, they (bowed to) the Great officers one by one, but to all the other officers together.
In these cases the fewness of the things formed the mark of distinction.
諸侯視朝，大夫特，士旅之。
In other usages, the paucity of things formed the mark of distinction.
To the son of Heaven there were given no attendants, and he sacrificed to Heaven with a single victim; when he visited the princes (on his tours of inspection), he was feasted with a single bullock.
When princes went to the courts of one another, fragrant spirits were used in libations, and there were no dishes on stands, either of wood or bamboo.
At friendly missions by Great officers, the ceremonial offerings were slices of dried meat and pickles.
The son of Heaven declared himself satisfied after 1 dish; a prince, after 2; a Great officer and other officers, after 3; while no limit was set to the eating of people who lived by their labour. (The horses of) the Great carriage had 1 ornamental tassel at their breast-bands; those of the other carriages had 7 (pieces of) jade for rank-tokens; and libation cups were presented singly; as also the tiger-shaped and yellow cups.
In sacrificing to spirits a single mat was used; when princes were giving audience to their ministers, they (bowed to) the Great officers one by one, but to all the other officers together.
In these cases the fewness of the things formed the mark of distinction.
此以少為貴也。
In other usages, the paucity of things formed the mark of distinction.
To the son of Heaven there were given no attendants, and he sacrificed to Heaven with a single victim; when he visited the princes (on his tours of inspection), he was feasted with a single bullock.
When princes went to the courts of one another, fragrant spirits were used in libations, and there were no dishes on stands, either of wood or bamboo.
At friendly missions by Great officers, the ceremonial offerings were slices of dried meat and pickles.
The son of Heaven declared himself satisfied after 1 dish; a prince, after 2; a Great officer and other officers, after 3; while no limit was set to the eating of people who lived by their labour. (The horses of) the Great carriage had 1 ornamental tassel at their breast-bands; those of the other carriages had 7 (pieces of) jade for rank-tokens; and libation cups were presented singly; as also the tiger-shaped and yellow cups.
In sacrificing to spirits a single mat was used; when princes were giving audience to their ministers, they (bowed to) the Great officers one by one, but to all the other officers together.
In these cases the fewness of the things formed the mark of distinction.
曾子問曰：「將冠子，冠者至，揖讓而入，聞齊衰大功之喪，如之何？」
Zeng-zi asked, 'It has been proposed to invest a son with the cap, and the investors have arrived, and after exchanging bows and courtesies (with the master of the house), have entered.
If then news should come that the death of some relative has occurred, for whom a year's mourning or that of nine months must be worn, what should be done?'
復，諸侯以褒衣冕服，爵弁服，夫人稅衣揄狄，狄稅素沙。
In calling back (the soul of) a feudal lord, they used the robe which had first been conferred on him, with the cap and corresponding robes, varying according to the order of his nobility. (In calling back the soul of) a friends wife, they used the black upper robe with a purple border, or that with pheasants embroidered on it in various colours; both of them lined with white crape. (In calling back that of) the wife of a high noble, they used the upper robe of light green, worn on her first appointment to that position, and lined with white crape; (in calling back that of the wife of) a Great officer of the lowest grade, the upper robe of plain white. (The souls of other wives were called back) by parties with the same robe as in the case of an ordinary officer.
In the calling back, they stood (with their faces to the north), inclining to the west.
內子以鞠衣，褒衣，素沙。
In calling back (the soul of) a feudal lord, they used the robe which had first been conferred on him, with the cap and corresponding robes, varying according to the order of his nobility. (In calling back the soul of) a friends wife, they used the black upper robe with a purple border, or that with pheasants embroidered on it in various colours; both of them lined with white crape. (In calling back that of) the wife of a high noble, they used the upper robe of light green, worn on her first appointment to that position, and lined with white crape; (in calling back that of the wife of) a Great officer of the lowest grade, the upper robe of plain white. (The souls of other wives were called back) by parties with the same robe as in the case of an ordinary officer.
In the calling back, they stood (with their faces to the north), inclining to the west.
下大夫以襢衣，其餘如士。
In calling back (the soul of) a feudal lord, they used the robe which had first been conferred on him, with the cap and corresponding robes, varying according to the order of his nobility. (In calling back the soul of) a friends wife, they used the black upper robe with a purple border, or that with pheasants embroidered on it in various colours; both of them lined with white crape. (In calling back that of) the wife of a high noble, they used the upper robe of light green, worn on her first appointment to that position, and lined with white crape; (in calling back that of the wife of) a Great officer of the lowest grade, the upper robe of plain white. (The souls of other wives were called back) by parties with the same robe as in the case of an ordinary officer.
In the calling back, they stood (with their faces to the north), inclining to the west.
復西上。
In calling back (the soul of) a feudal lord, they used the robe which had first been conferred on him, with the cap and corresponding robes, varying according to the order of his nobility. (In calling back the soul of) a friends wife, they used the black upper robe with a purple border, or that with pheasants embroidered on it in various colours; both of them lined with white crape. (In calling back that of) the wife of a high noble, they used the upper robe of light green, worn on her first appointment to that position, and lined with white crape; (in calling back that of the wife of) a Great officer of the lowest grade, the upper robe of plain white. (The souls of other wives were called back) by parties with the same robe as in the case of an ordinary officer.
In the calling back, they stood (with their faces to the north), inclining to the west.
子云：「善則稱人，過則稱己，則民不爭；善則稱人，過則稱己，則怨益亡。」《詩》云：「爾卜爾筮，履無咎言。」
The Master said, 'If (the ruler) ascribe what is good to others, and what is wrong to himself, the people will not contend (among themselves).
If he ascribe what is good to others, and what is wrong to himself, dissatisfactions will more and more disappear.
It is said in the Book of Poetry (I, v, ode 4, 2), "You had consulted the tortoise-shell; you had consulted the stalks; In their responses there was nothing unfavourable."'
子曰：「仁之為器重，其為道遠，舉者莫能勝也，行者莫能致也，取數多者仁也；夫勉於仁者不亦難乎？
The Master said, 'Humanity is like a heavy vessel, and like a long road.
He who tries to lift the vessel cannot sustain its weight; he who travels the road cannot accomplish all its distance.
There is nothing that has so many different degrees as (the course of) humanity; and thus he who tries to nerve himself to it finds it a difficult task.
Therefore when the superior man measures men with the scale of righteousness, he finds it difficult to discover the men (whom he seeks); when he looks at men and compares them with one another, he knows who among them are the more worthy.'
是故君子以義度人，則難為人；以人望人，則賢者可知已矣。」
The Master said, 'Humanity is like a heavy vessel, and like a long road.
He who tries to lift the vessel cannot sustain its weight; he who travels the road cannot accomplish all its distance.
There is nothing that has so many different degrees as (the course of) humanity; and thus he who tries to nerve himself to it finds it a difficult task.
Therefore when the superior man measures men with the scale of righteousness, he finds it difficult to discover the men (whom he seeks); when he looks at men and compares them with one another, he knows who among them are the more worthy.'
凡和，春多酸，夏多苦，秋多辛，冬多鹹，調以滑甘。
In all attempering ingredients, sour predominated in the spring; bitter, in the summer; acrid, in the autumn; and salt, in the winter - with the due proportioning of the unctuous and sweet.
子言之：「事君先資其言，拜自獻其身，以成其信。
These were the words of the Master - '(A minister) in the service of his ruler will first offer his words of counsel, and (when they are accepted), he will bow and voluntarily offer his person to make good his sincerity.
Hence, whatever service a ruler requires from his minister, the minister will die in support of his words.
In this way the salary which he receives is not obtained on false pretences, and the things for which he can be blamed will be more and more few.'
是故君有責於其臣，臣有死於其言。
These were the words of the Master - '(A minister) in the service of his ruler will first offer his words of counsel, and (when they are accepted), he will bow and voluntarily offer his person to make good his sincerity.
Hence, whatever service a ruler requires from his minister, the minister will die in support of his words.
In this way the salary which he receives is not obtained on false pretences, and the things for which he can be blamed will be more and more few.'
故其受祿不誣，其受罪益寡。」
These were the words of the Master - '(A minister) in the service of his ruler will first offer his words of counsel, and (when they are accepted), he will bow and voluntarily offer his person to make good his sincerity.
Hence, whatever service a ruler requires from his minister, the minister will die in support of his words.
In this way the salary which he receives is not obtained on false pretences, and the things for which he can be blamed will be more and more few.'
小斂之衣，祭服不倒。
Among the clothes at the slighter dressing, the sacrificial robes were not placed below the others.
For the ruler no clothes were used that were presented.
For a Great officer and a common officer, the sacrificial (and other) robes belonging to the principal mourner were all used, and then they used those contributed by their relatives; but these were not displayed along with the others.
At the slighter dressing, for a ruler, a Great officer, and a common officer, they used wadded upper robes and sheets.
At the greater dressing, the number of sacrificial (and other) robes put on a ruler, a Great officer, or another officer', was not definitely fixed; but the upper robes and sheets for a ruler had only a thin lining, (instead of being wadded); for a Great officer and a common officer, they were as at the slighter dressing.
君無襚，大夫士畢主人之祭服；親戚之衣，受之不以即陳。
Among the clothes at the slighter dressing, the sacrificial robes were not placed below the others.
For the ruler no clothes were used that were presented.
For a Great officer and a common officer, the sacrificial (and other) robes belonging to the principal mourner were all used, and then they used those contributed by their relatives; but these were not displayed along with the others.
At the slighter dressing, for a ruler, a Great officer, and a common officer, they used wadded upper robes and sheets.
At the greater dressing, the number of sacrificial (and other) robes put on a ruler, a Great officer, or another officer', was not definitely fixed; but the upper robes and sheets for a ruler had only a thin lining, (instead of being wadded); for a Great officer and a common officer, they were as at the slighter dressing.
小斂，君大夫士皆用復衣復衾；大斂，君大夫士祭服無算，君褶衣褶衾，大夫士猶小斂也。
Among the clothes at the slighter dressing, the sacrificial robes were not placed below the others.
For the ruler no clothes were used that were presented.
For a Great officer and a common officer, the sacrificial (and other) robes belonging to the principal mourner were all used, and then they used those contributed by their relatives; but these were not displayed along with the others.
At the slighter dressing, for a ruler, a Great officer, and a common officer, they used wadded upper robes and sheets.
At the greater dressing, the number of sacrificial (and other) robes put on a ruler, a Great officer, or another officer', was not definitely fixed; but the upper robes and sheets for a ruler had only a thin lining, (instead of being wadded); for a Great officer and a common officer, they were as at the slighter dressing.