毛泽东选集/关于农业互助合作的两次谈话

#§I.# THE TALK OF OCTOBER 15

#§Make a success of the agricultural producers' co-operatives and a big expansion of the mutual-aid teams will follow.

#§In the new liberated areas every county, whether large, medium-sized or small, should set up one or two successful co-operatives this winter and next spring after full preparations; there should be at least one, on the average one to two and at most three, depending on how well the work has been done.

# To make the quota too big would mean rash advance and to make it too small would be a Right deviation.

# To make the quota optional would be to let things drift.

# Can there be more than three?# So long as the co-operatives meet the requirements, conform to the regulations and resolutions, are set up on a voluntary basis, have strong leading cadres (their two chief qualifications being fair-mindedness and competence) and are well run, then the more the better, as Han Hsin said about the number of troops he could command.

#The prefectural and county Party committees should be urged to make vigorous efforts and do a good job.

# The rural work departments of the Central Committee bureaus and of the provincial and municipal Party committees should keep a firm grasp on this matter and make it the pivot of their work.

#§There should be control figures and an allotment of quotas.

# After the October conference, there are four or five months to go, that is, November and December this year, January and February next year, and in the north the month of March as well.

# We give clear notice now that early next year another meeting will be called to check up on the work.

# There will definitely be a check-up then to see how it is getting on.

#§Certain minority nationality areas where the agrarian reform has not been completed can be exempted from setting up co-operatives.

# The small number of poorly managed counties, for instance, counties where backward townships account for 30 to 40 per cent of the total, where Party secretaries are incompetent and where the work cannot start without leading to trouble, can be exempted for the time being and given no quota.# Nevertheless, the provincial and prefectural Party committees should assume responsibility for helping them to straighten things out and to create the conditions for starting the work next winter after the autumn harvest.

#§The general pattern is to proceed from the mutual-aid team to the co-operative, but it is also permissible to try and set up the co-operative directly.

# If you take the direct path and succeed, that will speed up the work.# So why can't it be tried?# It can.

#§The rural work departments at all levels should look upon mutual aid and co-operation as a matter of vital importance.

# Peasants working on their own cannot raise production to any great extent, therefore we must promote mutual aid and co-operation.

# If socialism does not occupy the rural positions, capitalism inevitably will.

# Is it possible to take any road other than the capitalist or the socialist road?# The capitalist road can also lead to increased production, but the time required would be longer and the course painful.

#§The general line, the general programme, industrialization and socialist transformation should be discussed at the forthcoming October conference.

#§Both "sustain private property" and the "four big freedoms" benefit the rich peasants and the well-to-do middle peasants.

# Why then are there relevant stipulations in the law?# The law stipulates protection of private property, but the word "sustain" is not in it.

# Some peasants are selling their land now, which is not good.