说苑/泰誓曰： 187「附下而罔上者死，附上而罔下者刑。

The “Great Oath” says, “One who attaches himself to subordinates and does injury to those above is guilty of a capital offense; and one who attaches himself to superiors while doing injury to those below is guilty of a crime punishable by mutilation. Those who participate in state deliberations but do nothing to benefit the people are to be discharged; and those in high positions who are unable to recommend worthy men for service are to be driven away.” This is how goodness is to be encouraged and evil eliminated.