望之溫潤,近之栗理,聲近徐而聞遠,折而不撓,闕而不荏,廉而不劌,有瑕必示之於外,是以貴之。
望之溫潤者,君子比德焉;近之栗理者,君子比智焉;聲近徐而聞遠者,君子比義焉;折而不撓,闕而不荏者,君子比勇焉;廉而不劌者,君子比仁焉;有瑕必見之於外者,君子比情焉。
A man of quality prizes them.
略說 is as follows: 子張曰:「仁者何樂於山也?
」孔子曰:「夫山者,𡷞然高。
When one’s gaze falls upon jade, it appears soft and translucent; when one draws near to it, tightly clustered veins appear in it; the sound it emits is mild when one is close yet can be heard at a distance; it can be broken but cannot be warped and can be damaged but cannot be weakened; its angles are distinct but do no injury to people; and, when it has blemishes, these are always visible from the outside.
」「𡷞然高,則何樂焉?
」「夫山,草木生焉,鳥獸蕃焉,生財用而無私為焉,四方皆代焉,每無私予焉。
That is why jade is prized.
出雲風以通乎天地之間。
陰陽和合,雨露之澤,萬物以成,百姓以饗:此仁者之所以樂於山者也。」
Its soft and translucent appearance suggests kingly beneficence to a man of quality; the tightly clustered veins that appear in it upon close inspection suggest wisdom to a man of quality; that its sound is mild when close but still audible at a distance suggests the faculty of righteous action to a man of quality; that it can be broken but not warped and damaged but not weakened suggests courage to a man of quality; that its angles are clear but inflict no injury suggests the faculty of empathy to a man of quality; and that its blemishes are always visible from the outside suggests frankness to a man of quality.