五. 结论
Conclusions
70. 利用技术的能力取决于一个国家有哪些本地技能、能力和资源可用来管理获取、吸收和推广与其发展有关的技术创新。
The capacity to utilize technology depends on the indigenous skills, capabilities and resources available in a country to manage acquisition, absorption and diffusion of technological innovation relevant to its development.
只有在促进技术知识和学习的综合战略背景下，才可能取得有效和可持续的科学、技术和创新能力。
An effective and sustainable capability for science, technology and innovation can only be achieved in the context of an integrated strategy to promote technological knowledge and learning.
这就要求建立本地科学和技术能力的政策和体制框架，包括研究和后勤基础设施，还需要创业精神。
This requires policy and institutional frameworks centred on building indigenous scientific and technological capacity, including research and logistic infrastructure, and entrepreneurship.
71. 要从总体上提高对科学技术受益人类福利的认识，并且增加高等院校这些学科的入学人数，各级培训和教育系统是根本。
Training and education systems at all levels are fundamental to increase overall awareness of the benefits of science and technology for human welfare and to increase tertiary enrolments in these disciplines.
信息和通信技术在这方面特别起作用。
ICTs are especially instrumental in this regard.
信息和通信技术能促进公平获取和传播知识。
ICTs can facilitate equitable access to and diffusion of knowledge.
远程学习提供了从远处获取教育资源的机会，并倡导一种终身学习的文化，使技能适应迅速的技术变迁。
Distance learning provides remote access to educational resources and promotes a culture of lifelong learning to adapt skills to rapid technological transformation.
战略性地使用信息和通信技术，对于加速技术学习和创新至关重要。
The strategic use of ICTs is critical to accelerate technological learning and innovation.
72. 促进本地一级的研究与开发，对于发掘本地资源和创造力，从而产生与本地问题和条件有关的新知识和创新，是不可或缺的。
The promotion of research and development at the local level is crucial to tap into indigenous resources and creativity so as to create new knowledge and innovation relevant to local problems and conditions.
将技术知识转变成社会、经济和文化的收益，需要动员社会各个部门和国际与区域各级的其他伙伴，增进研究能力和资源，并营造建设和支持本地技术能力所必需的基本基础设施。
Transforming technological knowledge into social, economic and cultural gains requires the mobilization of various sectors of society and other partners at the international and regional levels to enhance research capacity and resources and to create basic infrastructure necessary to build and support an endogenous technological capacity.
政府、学术界和本地生产部门主要行为体之间的伙伴关系，对于发展以技术为导向的研究和导致长期的技术变革，是必不可少的。
Partnerships among key actors in the Government, academia and the local productive sector are essential to develop technology-oriented research and bring about long-term technological transformation.
73. 有一种看法把科学技术视为相互关联的能力系统，包括治理、教育、体制、意见与合作；而要接受这种办法，则需要在国家和国际两级都采取行动。
The implementation of an approach that views science and technology as a system of interconnected capabilities, including governance, education, institutions, advice and collaboration, requires action both at the national and international levels.
六. 建议
Recommendations
74. 在国家和国际两级提出了下列建议：
The following recommendations are made at the national and international levels:
国家一级
National level
(a) 制订全面的科学技术战略，其中包括电力、电信和运输基础设施的投资和旨在提高各级教育质量和增加接受教育机会的投资；
(a) Formulate comprehensive strategies for science and technology that include investment in infrastructure for electricity, telecommunications and transportation and investment to improve the quality of and access to education at all levels;
(b) 让所有相关的利益攸关方，包括妇女、青年和生活在偏远地区的人们等弱势群体，更多地参与科学、技术、创新和创业精神等政策和战略的制订，确保他们与国家发展问题的相关性；
(b) Increase the participation of all relevant stakeholders, including disadvantaged groups, such as women, youth and populations living in remote areas, in the formulation of policies and strategies for science, technology, innovation and entrepreneurship to ensure their relevance to national development problems;
(c) 将学习科学技术纳入各级教育，以提高对科学技术受益人类福利的认识，增进科学知识并建设促进发展的强大技术基础；
(c) Integrate science and technology learning in all levels of education to increase awareness of the benefits of science and technology for human welfare, enhance scientific literacy and build a strong technological base for development;
(d) 将技术、职业、工艺和实用科学教育扩大到社会所有部门，特别是妇女和弱势群体，增加科学技术对所有生产部门的影响,并促进正规教育以外的终身学习；
(d) Expand technical, vocational, craft and utilitarian science education to all sectors of society, especially women and disadvantaged groups, to increase the impact of science and technology on all productive sectors and to promote lifelong learning beyond formal education;
(e) 促进信息和通信技术的利用，以利于更加公平地获取科学技术培训和教育，吸收和传播技术创新，特别是在妇女和女孩以及其他弱势群体中；
(e) Promote the use of ICTs to facilitate more equitable access to training and education on science and technology and the assimilation and diffusion of technological innovation, especially among women and girls and other disadvantaged groups;
(f) 振兴现有研究与开发机构，拨款支持科学技术发展方案，包括采取经济激励措施，鼓励本地的私营部门投资，并且制订战略，鼓励跨国公司投资于本地的技术学习，资助本地主要部门的研究与开发；
(f) Revitalize existing research and development agencies and allocate funds in support of scientific and technological development programmes, including financial incentives to encourage local private-sector investment, and formulate strategies to encourage multinational corporations to invest in local technological learning and fund local research and development in primary sectors;
(g) 确定一些领域，以通过大学、学院、非政府组织、政府机构和次区域、区域和国际各级相关机构与设施之间的伙伴关系，提高本地科学技术能力；
(g) Identify areas in which indigenous science and technology capacity could be enhanced through partnership between universities, colleges, non-governmental organizations, government institutions and relevant institutions and facilities at the subregional, regional and international levels;
(h) 在所有与教育相关的利益攸关方之间建立强有力的联系，以确保整个教育进程的各种课程设置满足发展中国家科学技术方面的需求。
(h) Establish strong links among all relevant stakeholders in education to ensure that the educational curricula across the full education process meet the scientific and technological needs of developing countries.