此后世所以有“专求本心，遂遗物理”之患，正由不知心即理耳。
＃1 The later scholar's misfortune of merely seeking to attain to the nature of his mind, while losing the principles of things, arises out of his ignorance that mind is the embodiment of principles.
夫外心以求物理，是以有誾而不达之处：此告子义外之说，孟子所以谓之不知义也。
＃1 The idea that if one seeks the principles of things outside the mind there will be points at which the mind is closed to the outside world and cannot penetrate it is the same as Kao Tzu's doctrine that righteousness is external. ＃2 This is the reason why Mencius said that he did not know the nature of righteousness.
心一而已，以其全体恻怛而言，谓之仁，以其得宜而言谓之义，以其条理而言谓之理。
＃1 The mind is a unit. ＃2 The feeling of commiseration of the entire mind is called benevolence (the highest virtue). ＃3 If one refers to the mind's getting what rightfully belongs to it, one speaks of righteousness. ＃4 When one refers to its order, one
不可外心以求仁，不可外心以求义，独可外心以求理乎？
＃1 One should not seek either for the highest virtue or for righteousness outside the mind. ＃2 Is the search for principles an exception to this?
外心以求理，此知、行之所以二也。
＃1 Knowledge and action have been separated because people seek principles outside the mind.
求理于吾心，此圣门知、行合一之教，吾子又何疑乎！
＃1 The instruction of the sages, that knowledge and practice are united, implies seeking for principles within the mind. ＃2 What doubt can you, my disciple, have regarding this?
〔5〕来书云：“所释大学古本谓“致其本体之知”。
＃1 Your letter says, “In explaining the original text of the Great learning, you stressed ‘the extension of the knowledge of the original substance +[of the mind].'
此固孟子尽心之旨。
has really the same purport as the exhausting of the mental constitution as given by Mencius.
朱子亦以虚灵知觉为此心之量。
＃1 The philosopher Chu also held that abstract realization is a capacity of the mind.
然尽心由于知性。
However, exerting the mind to the utmost follows from knowing one's nature,
致知在于格物。”
-＃1 whereas the extension of knowledge to the utmost consists in the investigation of things.”
“尽心由于知性。
+[You say that] exerting the mind to the utmost follows from knowing one's nature
致知在于格物”。
whereas the extension of knowledge consists in the investigation of things.''
然而推本吾子之意，则其所以为是语者，尚有未明也。
＃1 But if I understand your idea correctly, the reason why you have said what you have said is that you are still not clear about something.
朱子以尽心知性知天为物格知致。
＃1 The philosopher Chu considered that things had been investigated and knowledge completed, when one had exhausted his mental constitution, knew his nature, and knew Heaven.
以存心养性事天为诚意正心修身。
＃1 He held that preserving one's mental constitution, nourishing one's nature, and serving Heaven, were to be identified with making the purpose sincere, rectifying the mind, and cultivating the person.
以殀寿不贰修身以俟为知至仁尽，圣人之事。
and that not allowing any double-mindedness regardless of the longevity or brevity of life but cultivating the personal life while waiting for fate to take its own course were the perfection of knowledge and the complete realization of humanity, all of which are matters pertaining to the sage.
若鄙人之见，则与朱子正相反矣。
＃1 My humble views, however, are diametrically opposed to those of Chu Hsi.
夫尽心知性知天者，生知安行，圣人之事也。
＃1 Exerting the mind to the utmost, knowing one's nature, and knowing Heaven are matters known from birth and are practiced naturally and easily. ＃2 They are matters pertaining to the sage.
存心养性事天者，学知利行，贤人之事也。
＃1 Preserving the mind, nourishing one's nature, and serving Heaven are matters learned through study and practiced for their advantage.＃2 They are matters pertaining to the worthy
夭寿不贰，修身以俟者，困知勉行，学者之事也。
＃1 The sayings that, “neither a premature death nor long life causes a man any doublemindedness,” that knowledge of duties is acquired after a painful feeling of ignorance, and they are practiced by strenuous effort, refer to the learner +(student).
岂可专以尽心知性为知，存心养性为行乎？
＃1 Is it correct to regard the exhausting of one's mental constitution in order to know one's nature as knowledge, and to hold that preserving one's mental constitution, nourishing one's nature and serving Heaven are to be identified with practice ?
然其间实无可疑者。
＃1 But actually there is nothing doubtful about it.
夫心之体，性也。
The mind in its original character is called nature (disposition);