军队目前存在着相当多的问题。
At present, there are a number of problems in the People's Liberation Army.
很多同志担心，军队能不能顺利地实现现代化？
Many comrades are worried about whether the army can accomplish modernization smoothly.
还有同志担心，军队经过林彪、“四人帮”这样久的破坏，如果不很快整顿，遇到敌人进攻还能不能打仗？
Other comrades are worried that unless there is immediate consolidation, the army, which was sabotaged for so long by Lin Biao and the Gang of Four, might not be able to go into battle in the event of an enemy attack.
这些担心不是没有根据的。
These worries are not groundless.
这就提出一些问题：军队怎样整顿，怎样准备打仗，怎样把军队搞好。
Hence the questions: How can we consolidate the army?
How can we ensure preparedness in the event of war?
How can we run the army well?
解决了这些问题，才能谈到国防现代化问题。
All these questions must be answered if we want to modernize national defence.
当然，调整各级领导班子，包括毛泽东同志讲的交流干部，是首先要做的事情。
Of course, there should be a readjustment of the leading bodies at various levels, including an interchange of cadres, as suggested by Comrade Mao Zedong.
如果没有一九七五年那一次的调整，陷进帮派活动中去的人会更多，受害的干部也会更多。
Were it not for the readjustment in 1975, even more persons would have been involved in factional activities, and even more cadres would have been victimized.
那次调整，保护了一部分干部。
The 1975 readjustment protected part of our cadres.
但是那次调整的面太窄，还有些应该调整的没有调整，应该交流的没有交流。
But its scope was too narrow and there were cases where readjustment and cadre interchange were not carried out as they should have been.
调整、交流是毛泽东同志多次提倡、多次指示的，本来是应该接着做下去的，我们没有来得及做，就停下来了。
Readjustment and cadre interchange were advocated and ordered by Comrade Mao Zedong on many occasions, and they should have continued.
Nevertheless, they were stopped before we could complete them.
我这里讲的从何着手，是讲除了调整领导班子以外，还有哪些问题需要考虑解决呢？
But when I ask where we should begin, I am referring not only to the readjustment of the leading bodies but to other problems as well.
一九七五年开军委扩大会议的时候，在我的讲话中提出一个原则，就是在没有战争的条件下，要把军队的教育训练提高到战略地位。
In my speech at the enlarged meeting of the Military Commission of the Central Committee in 1975, I proposed the principle that peacetime education and training should be considered a matter of strategic importance.
我们的军队过去是在长期的战争环境中锻炼成长的，那时提升干部主要靠战场上考验。
Historically, our army was tempered and grew through long years of war, and cadres were promoted mainly on the basis of the test of the battlefield.
现在不打仗，你根据什么来考验干部，用什么来提高干部，提高军队的素质，提高军队的战斗力？
But now that we are not at war, how are we to test our cadres, raise their level, and improve the quality and combat effectiveness of our troops?
要把军委扩大会议上提出的把教育训练提高到战略地位这个方针具体化。
We have to give substance to the principle, adopted by the enlarged meeting of the Military Commission, that education and training are of strategic importance.
一个方面是部队本身要提倡苦学苦练。
One way is for the army itself to encourage hard study and training.
军队由于过去一段时期的混乱，现在有相当一部分纪律废弛，作风不好，在人民中威信下降。
Because of the past period of chaos, discipline in much of the army is lax and the work style poor, and this has partly lowered its prestige among the people.
现在地方上不大欢迎军队的干部，当然不是对所有干部都不欢迎。
At present, army cadres -- some of them, at least -- are not particularly welcome in civilian units.
我们解放军要有自知之明，要靠自己恢复名誉。
The People's Liberation Army should recognize its failings and restore its prestige through its own efforts.
部队要加强政治教育，加强纪律性，要从勤学苦练当中学本领。
It should intensify the political education of the troops, strengthen their sense of discipline and make sure that they learn the skills required of them through diligent study and strenuous training.
军队要能打仗，靠提高政治觉悟，靠勤学苦练。
In order to be able to fight, the army must raise its political consciousness and train intensively.
干部，包括各级领导干部，都要在苦练中增长指挥能力和管理能力。
All cadres, including leading cadres at all levels, should increase their ability as commanders and managers through intensive training.
否则问题明明出来了，连长不懂得怎么搞，指导员不懂得怎么搞，甚至还会使矛盾激化。
Without hard training, when problems crop up, a company commander or political instructor will not know how to deal with them and may even do things that aggravate the contradictions.