从中华人民共和国成立到毛泽东主席逝世这段时间，我们做了大量的工作。
We did a great deal of work between 1949, when the People's Republic of China was founded, and 1976, when Chairman Mao Zedong passed away.
特别是从新民主主义革命转变到社会主义革命，搞了土改，搞了第一个五年计划的大规模工业化建设，搞了对农业、手工业和资本主义工商业的社会主义改造，事情做得非常好。
We were particularly successful during the period of transition from new-democratic revolution to socialist revolution, in which we carried out agrarian reform and then, in the period of the First Five-Year Plan [1953-1957], engaged in large-scale industrialization and completed the socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce.
“左”的思想发展导致了一九五八年的“大跃进”和人民公社化运动，这是比较大的错误，使我们受到惩罚。
In 1958 the spread of ``Left'' thinking led to the Great Leap Forward and the movement to establish people's communes.
That was a serious mistake, and we suffered because of it.
一九五九年到一九六一年三年困难时期，工农业减产，市场上的商品很少，人民群众吃不饱饭，积极性受到严重挫伤。
During the three years of economic difficulty from 1959 through 1961, industrial and agricultural output dropped, so that commodities were in short supply.
The people didn't have enough to eat, and their enthusiasm was greatly dampened.
那时，我们党和毛泽东主席由于长期斗争历史形成的威望很高，我们把困难的情况如实告诉了人民，“大跃进”的口号不再喊了，并且采取了比较切合实际的政策、步骤和方法，一九六二年就开始从困难的境况中恢复，一九六三年、一九六四年情况比较好。
At that time our Party and Chairman Mao Zedong enjoyed high prestige acquired through long years of struggle, and we explained to the people frankly why the situation was so difficult.
We abandoned the slogan of the Great Leap Forward and adopted more realistic policies and measures instead.
The year 1962 saw the beginning of recovery, and in 1963 and 1964 things were looking up,
一九六五年又提出党内有走资本主义道路的当权派。
In 1965 it was said that certain persons who were in power in the Party were taking the capitalist road.
以后就搞了“文化大革命”，走到了“左”的极端，极左思潮泛滥。
Then came the ``cultural revolution'', in which the ``Left'' ideology was carried to its extreme and the ultra-Left trend of thought became rampant.
“文化大革命”实际上从一九六五年就开始了，一九六六年正式宣布。
The ``cultural revolution'' actually began in 1965, but it was officially declared only a year later.
从一九六六年到一九七六年搞了整整十年，党内的骨干差不多都被打倒了，这场“革命”的对象就是这些老干部。
It lasted a whole decade, from 1966 through 1976, during which time almost all the veteran cadres who formed the backbone of the Party were brought down.
It was they who were made the targets of the ``cultural revolution''.
粉碎“四人帮”以后，我们拨乱反正，就是要纠正极左思潮。
After the downfall of the Gang of Four, we began to set things to rights, that is, to correct the ultra-Left trend of thought.
我们一九八一年见面时谈过“四个坚持”，就是坚持社会主义道路，坚持人民民主专政，坚持共产党的领导，坚持马列主义、毛泽东思想。
When we met in 1981, I talked about keeping to the socialist road, upholding the people's democratic dictatorship, upholding leadership by the Communist Party and upholding Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.
这是四项基本原则。
Now we call these the Four Cardinal Principles.
如果不坚持这四项基本原则，纠正极左就会变成“纠正”马列主义，“纠正”社会主义。
If we do not uphold them in our effort to correct ultra-Left thinking, we shall end up ``correcting'' Marxism-Leninism and socialism.
我们总结了几十年搞社会主义的经验。
We summed up our experience in building socialism over the past few decades.
马克思主义的另一个名词就是共产主义。
Another term for Marxism is communism.
我们多年奋斗就是为了共产主义，我们的信念理想就是要搞共产主义。
It is for the realization of communism that we have struggled for so many years.
We believe in communism, and our ideal is to bring it into being.
在我们最困难的时期，共产主义的理想是我们的精神支柱，多少人牺牲就是为了实现这个理想。
In our darkest days we were sustained by the ideal of communism.
It was for the realization of this ideal that countless people laid down their lives.
共产主义是没有人剥削人的制度，产品极大丰富，各尽所能，按需分配。
A Communist society is one in which there is no exploitation of man by man, there is great material abundance and the principle of from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs is applied.
要实现共产主义，一定要完成社会主义阶段的任务。
In order to realize communism, we have to accomplish the tasks set in the socialist stage.
社会主义的任务很多，但根本一条就是发展生产力，在发展生产力的基础上体现出优于资本主义，为实现共产主义创造物质基础。
They are legion, but the fundamental one is to develop the productive forces so as to demonstrate the superiority of socialism over capitalism and provide the material basis for communism.
我们在一个长时期里忽视了发展社会主义社会的生产力。
For a long time we neglected the development of the productive forces of the socialist society.
从一九五七年起，我们生产力的发展非常缓慢。
From 1957 on they grew at a snail's pace.
拿农村来说，到一九六六年的十年间，农民的收入没有增长多少。
In the countryside, after ten years -- that is, in 1966 -- the peasants' income had risen only very slightly.
虽然有一些地区的农民生活比较宽裕，但是多数地区的农民还处在贫困状态。
Although peasants in some areas were better off, those in many other areas still lived in poverty.