諸侯之上大夫卿、下大夫、上士、中士、下士，凡五等。
According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).
There were (also), in the feudal states, Great officers of the highest grade - the ministers; and Great officers of the lowest grade; officers of the highest, the middle, and the lowest grades - in all, five gradations (of office).
夫禮始於冠，本於昏，重於喪、祭，尊於朝、聘，和於射、鄉：此禮之大體也。
Ceremonies (might be said to) commence with the capping; to have their root in marriage; to be most important in the rites of mourning and sacrifice; to confer the greatest honour in audiences at the royal court and in the interchange of visits at the feudal courts; and to be most promotive of harmony in the country festivals and celebrations of archery.
These were the greatest occasions of ceremony, and the principal points in them.
庶子不祭祖者，明其宗也。
That any other son but the eldest did not sacrifice to his grandfather showed that (only he was in the direct line from) the Honoured Head (of their branch of the family).
So, no son but he wore the (three years) unhemmed sackcloth for his eldest son, because the eldest son of no other continued (the direct line) of the grandfather and father.
None of the other sons sacrificed to a son (of his own) who had died prematurely, or one who had left no posterity. (The tablet of) such an one was placed along with that of his grandfather, and shared in the offerings made to him.
Nor could any of them sacrifice to their father; showing that (the eldest son was the representative of) the Honoured Head.
庶子不為長子斬，不繼祖與禰故也。
That any other son but the eldest did not sacrifice to his grandfather showed that (only he was in the direct line from) the Honoured Head (of their branch of the family).
So, no son but he wore the (three years) unhemmed sackcloth for his eldest son, because the eldest son of no other continued (the direct line) of the grandfather and father.
None of the other sons sacrificed to a son (of his own) who had died prematurely, or one who had left no posterity. (The tablet of) such an one was placed along with that of his grandfather, and shared in the offerings made to him.
Nor could any of them sacrifice to their father; showing that (the eldest son was the representative of) the Honoured Head.
庶子不祭殤與無後者，殤與無後者從祖祔食。
That any other son but the eldest did not sacrifice to his grandfather showed that (only he was in the direct line from) the Honoured Head (of their branch of the family).
So, no son but he wore the (three years) unhemmed sackcloth for his eldest son, because the eldest son of no other continued (the direct line) of the grandfather and father.
None of the other sons sacrificed to a son (of his own) who had died prematurely, or one who had left no posterity. (The tablet of) such an one was placed along with that of his grandfather, and shared in the offerings made to him.
Nor could any of them sacrifice to their father; showing that (the eldest son was the representative of) the Honoured Head.
庶子不祭禰者，明其宗也。
That any other son but the eldest did not sacrifice to his grandfather showed that (only he was in the direct line from) the Honoured Head (of their branch of the family).
So, no son but he wore the (three years) unhemmed sackcloth for his eldest son, because the eldest son of no other continued (the direct line) of the grandfather and father.
None of the other sons sacrificed to a son (of his own) who had died prematurely, or one who had left no posterity. (The tablet of) such an one was placed along with that of his grandfather, and shared in the offerings made to him.
Nor could any of them sacrifice to their father; showing that (the eldest son was the representative of) the Honoured Head.
男不言內，女不言外。
The men should not speak of what belongs to the inside (of the house), nor the women of what belongs to the outside.
Except at sacrifices and funeral rites, they should not hand vessels to one another.
In all other cases when they have occasion to give and receive anything, the woman should receive it in a basket.
If she have no basket, they should both sit down, and the other put the thing on the ground, and she then take it up.
Outside or inside, they should not go to the same well, nor to, the same bathing-house.
They should not share the same mat in lying down; they should not ask or borrow anything from one another; they should not wear similar upper or lower garments.
Things spoken inside should not go out, words spoken outside should not come in.
非祭非喪，不相授器。
The men should not speak of what belongs to the inside (of the house), nor the women of what belongs to the outside.
Except at sacrifices and funeral rites, they should not hand vessels to one another.
In all other cases when they have occasion to give and receive anything, the woman should receive it in a basket.
If she have no basket, they should both sit down, and the other put the thing on the ground, and she then take it up.
Outside or inside, they should not go to the same well, nor to, the same bathing-house.
They should not share the same mat in lying down; they should not ask or borrow anything from one another; they should not wear similar upper or lower garments.
Things spoken inside should not go out, words spoken outside should not come in.
其相授，則女受以篚，其無篚則皆坐奠之而後取之。
The men should not speak of what belongs to the inside (of the house), nor the women of what belongs to the outside.
Except at sacrifices and funeral rites, they should not hand vessels to one another.
In all other cases when they have occasion to give and receive anything, the woman should receive it in a basket.
If she have no basket, they should both sit down, and the other put the thing on the ground, and she then take it up.
Outside or inside, they should not go to the same well, nor to, the same bathing-house.
They should not share the same mat in lying down; they should not ask or borrow anything from one another; they should not wear similar upper or lower garments.
Things spoken inside should not go out, words spoken outside should not come in.
外內不共井，不共湢浴，不通寢席，不通乞假，男女不通衣裳，內言不出，外言不入。
The men should not speak of what belongs to the inside (of the house), nor the women of what belongs to the outside.
Except at sacrifices and funeral rites, they should not hand vessels to one another.
In all other cases when they have occasion to give and receive anything, the woman should receive it in a basket.
If she have no basket, they should both sit down, and the other put the thing on the ground, and she then take it up.
Outside or inside, they should not go to the same well, nor to, the same bathing-house.
They should not share the same mat in lying down; they should not ask or borrow anything from one another; they should not wear similar upper or lower garments.
Things spoken inside should not go out, words spoken outside should not come in.
犬羊之裘不裼，不文飾也不裼。
With dog's fur or sheep's fur, they did not wear any jacket of silk over it.
Where there was no ornamentation, they did not use the jacket.
The wearing the jacket was to show its beauty.
When condoling, they kept the jacket covered, and did now show all its ornamental character; in the presence of the ruler, they showed all this.
The covering of the dress was to hide its beauty.
Hence, personators of the deceased covered their jackets of silk.
Officers holding a piece of jade or a tortoise-shell (to present it) covered it; but if they had no (such official) business in hand, they displayed the silken garment, and did not presume to cover it.
裘之裼也，見美也。
With dog's fur or sheep's fur, they did not wear any jacket of silk over it.
Where there was no ornamentation, they did not use the jacket.
The wearing the jacket was to show its beauty.
When condoling, they kept the jacket covered, and did now show all its ornamental character; in the presence of the ruler, they showed all this.
The covering of the dress was to hide its beauty.
Hence, personators of the deceased covered their jackets of silk.
Officers holding a piece of jade or a tortoise-shell (to present it) covered it; but if they had no (such official) business in hand, they displayed the silken garment, and did not presume to cover it.
吊則襲，不盡飾也；君在則裼，盡飾也。
With dog's fur or sheep's fur, they did not wear any jacket of silk over it.
Where there was no ornamentation, they did not use the jacket.
The wearing the jacket was to show its beauty.
When condoling, they kept the jacket covered, and did now show all its ornamental character; in the presence of the ruler, they showed all this.
The covering of the dress was to hide its beauty.
Hence, personators of the deceased covered their jackets of silk.
Officers holding a piece of jade or a tortoise-shell (to present it) covered it; but if they had no (such official) business in hand, they displayed the silken garment, and did not presume to cover it.
服之襲也，充美也，是故尸襲，執玉龜襲，無事則裼，弗敢充也。
With dog's fur or sheep's fur, they did not wear any jacket of silk over it.
Where there was no ornamentation, they did not use the jacket.
The wearing the jacket was to show its beauty.
When condoling, they kept the jacket covered, and did now show all its ornamental character; in the presence of the ruler, they showed all this.
The covering of the dress was to hide its beauty.
Hence, personators of the deceased covered their jackets of silk.
Officers holding a piece of jade or a tortoise-shell (to present it) covered it; but if they had no (such official) business in hand, they displayed the silken garment, and did not presume to cover it.
侍坐於長者，屨不上於堂，解屨不敢當階。
When (going to) sit in attendance on an elder, (a visitor) should not go up to the hall with his shoes on, nor should he presume to take them off in front of the Steps. (When any single visitor is leaving), he will go to his shoes, kneel down and take them up, and then move to one side. (When the visitors retire in a body) with their faces towards the elder, (they stand) by the shoes, which they then, kneeling, remove (some distance), and, stooping down, put on.
就屨，跪而舉之，屏於側。
When (going to) sit in attendance on an elder, (a visitor) should not go up to the hall with his shoes on, nor should he presume to take them off in front of the Steps. (When any single visitor is leaving), he will go to his shoes, kneel down and take them up, and then move to one side. (When the visitors retire in a body) with their faces towards the elder, (they stand) by the shoes, which they then, kneeling, remove (some distance), and, stooping down, put on.
鄉長者而屨；跪而遷屨，俯而納屨。
When (going to) sit in attendance on an elder, (a visitor) should not go up to the hall with his shoes on, nor should he presume to take them off in front of the Steps. (When any single visitor is leaving), he will go to his shoes, kneel down and take them up, and then move to one side. (When the visitors retire in a body) with their faces towards the elder, (they stand) by the shoes, which they then, kneeling, remove (some distance), and, stooping down, put on.
食棗桃李，弗致于核，瓜祭上環，食中棄所操。
When eating dates, peaches, or plums, they did not cast the stones away (on the ground).
They put down the first slice of a melon as an offering, ate the other slices, and threw away the part by which they held it.
When others were eating fruits with a man of rank, they ate them after him; cooked viands they ate before him.
At meetings of rejoicing, if there were not some gift from the ruler, they did not congratulate one another; at meetings of sorrow, ...
凡食果實者後君子，火孰者先君子。
When eating dates, peaches, or plums, they did not cast the stones away (on the ground).
They put down the first slice of a melon as an offering, ate the other slices, and threw away the part by which they held it.
When others were eating fruits with a man of rank, they ate them after him; cooked viands they ate before him.
At meetings of rejoicing, if there were not some gift from the ruler, they did not congratulate one another; at meetings of sorrow, ...
有慶，非君賜不賀。
When eating dates, peaches, or plums, they did not cast the stones away (on the ground).
They put down the first slice of a melon as an offering, ate the other slices, and threw away the part by which they held it.
When others were eating fruits with a man of rank, they ate them after him; cooked viands they ate before him.
At meetings of rejoicing, if there were not some gift from the ruler, they did not congratulate one another; at meetings of sorrow, ...
禮不盛，服不充，故大裘不裼，乘路車不式。
If the ceremony were not very great, the (beauty of the) dress was not concealed.
In accordance with this, when the great robe of fur was worn, it was without the appendage of one of thin silk to display it, and when (the king) rode in the grand carriage, he did not bend forward to the cross-bar (to show his reverence for any one beyond the service he was engaged on).
祭黍稷加肺，祭齊加明水，報陰也。
In offering the millet and the glutinous millet, they presented the lungs along with it.
In offering the various prepared liquors, they presented the bright water;--in both cases acknowledging their obligations to the dark and receding influence (in nature).
In taking the fat of the inwards and burning it, and in taking the head up (to the hall), they made their acknowledgments to the bright and active influence.
取膟菺燔燎，升首，報陽也。
In offering the millet and the glutinous millet, they presented the lungs along with it.
In offering the various prepared liquors, they presented the bright water;--in both cases acknowledging their obligations to the dark and receding influence (in nature).
In taking the fat of the inwards and burning it, and in taking the head up (to the hall), they made their acknowledgments to the bright and active influence.
是月也，土潤溽暑，大雨時行，燒薙行水，利以殺草，如以熱湯。
In this month the ground lies steaming and wet beneath the heats, for great rains are (also) continually coming.
They burn the grass lying cut upon the ground and bring the water over it.
This is as effectual to kill the roots as hot water would be; and the grass thus serves to manure the fields of grain and hemp, and to fatten the ground which has been but just marked out for cultivation.