王者禘其祖之所自出，以其祖配之。
According to the rules, only the king offered the united sacrifice to all ancestors.
The chief place was then given to him from whom the founder of the line sprang, and that founder had the place of assessor to him.
The sacrifices of the princes of states reached to their highest ancestor.
Great officers and other officers, who had performed great services, when these were examined (and approved) by the ruler, were able to carry their sacrifices up to their high ancestor.
諸侯及其大祖，大夫士有大事，省於其君，干祫，及其高祖。
According to the rules, only the king offered the united sacrifice to all ancestors.
The chief place was then given to him from whom the founder of the line sprang, and that founder had the place of assessor to him.
The sacrifices of the princes of states reached to their highest ancestor.
Great officers and other officers, who had performed great services, when these were examined (and approved) by the ruler, were able to carry their sacrifices up to their high ancestor.
三日而斂，在床曰尸，在棺曰柩，動尸舉柩，哭踴無數。
On the third day there was the (slighter) dressing (of the corpse).
While the body was on the couch it was called the corpse; when it was put into the coffin, it was called jiu.
At the moving of the corpse, and lifting up of the coffin, (the son) wailed and leaped, times without number.
Such was the bitterness of his heart, and the pain of his thoughts, so did his grief and sorrow fill his mind and agitate his spirit, that he bared his arms and leaped, seeking by the movement of his limbs to obtain some comfort to his heart and relief to his spirit.
The women could not bare their arms, and therefore they (merely) pushed out the breast, and smote upon their hearts, moving their feet with a sliding, hopping motion, and with a constant, heavy sound, like the crumbling away of a wall.
The expression of grief, sorrow, and deep-seated pain was extreme; hence it is said, 'With beating of the breast and movement of the feet, did they sorrowfully accompany the body; so they escorted it away, and so did they come back to meet its essential part.'
惻怛之心，痛疾之意，悲哀志懣氣盛，故袒而踴之，所以動體安心下氣也。
On the third day there was the (slighter) dressing (of the corpse).
While the body was on the couch it was called the corpse; when it was put into the coffin, it was called jiu.
At the moving of the corpse, and lifting up of the coffin, (the son) wailed and leaped, times without number.
Such was the bitterness of his heart, and the pain of his thoughts, so did his grief and sorrow fill his mind and agitate his spirit, that he bared his arms and leaped, seeking by the movement of his limbs to obtain some comfort to his heart and relief to his spirit.
The women could not bare their arms, and therefore they (merely) pushed out the breast, and smote upon their hearts, moving their feet with a sliding, hopping motion, and with a constant, heavy sound, like the crumbling away of a wall.
The expression of grief, sorrow, and deep-seated pain was extreme; hence it is said, 'With beating of the breast and movement of the feet, did they sorrowfully accompany the body; so they escorted it away, and so did they come back to meet its essential part.'
婦人不宜袒，故發胸擊心爵踴，殷殷田田，如壞墻然，悲哀痛疾之至也。
On the third day there was the (slighter) dressing (of the corpse).
While the body was on the couch it was called the corpse; when it was put into the coffin, it was called jiu.
At the moving of the corpse, and lifting up of the coffin, (the son) wailed and leaped, times without number.
Such was the bitterness of his heart, and the pain of his thoughts, so did his grief and sorrow fill his mind and agitate his spirit, that he bared his arms and leaped, seeking by the movement of his limbs to obtain some comfort to his heart and relief to his spirit.
The women could not bare their arms, and therefore they (merely) pushed out the breast, and smote upon their hearts, moving their feet with a sliding, hopping motion, and with a constant, heavy sound, like the crumbling away of a wall.
The expression of grief, sorrow, and deep-seated pain was extreme; hence it is said, 'With beating of the breast and movement of the feet, did they sorrowfully accompany the body; so they escorted it away, and so did they come back to meet its essential part.'
故曰：「辟踴哭泣，哀以送之。
On the third day there was the (slighter) dressing (of the corpse).
While the body was on the couch it was called the corpse; when it was put into the coffin, it was called jiu.
At the moving of the corpse, and lifting up of the coffin, (the son) wailed and leaped, times without number.
Such was the bitterness of his heart, and the pain of his thoughts, so did his grief and sorrow fill his mind and agitate his spirit, that he bared his arms and leaped, seeking by the movement of his limbs to obtain some comfort to his heart and relief to his spirit.
The women could not bare their arms, and therefore they (merely) pushed out the breast, and smote upon their hearts, moving their feet with a sliding, hopping motion, and with a constant, heavy sound, like the crumbling away of a wall.
The expression of grief, sorrow, and deep-seated pain was extreme; hence it is said, 'With beating of the breast and movement of the feet, did they sorrowfully accompany the body; so they escorted it away, and so did they come back to meet its essential part.'
送形而往，迎精而反也。」
On the third day there was the (slighter) dressing (of the corpse).
While the body was on the couch it was called the corpse; when it was put into the coffin, it was called jiu.
At the moving of the corpse, and lifting up of the coffin, (the son) wailed and leaped, times without number.
Such was the bitterness of his heart, and the pain of his thoughts, so did his grief and sorrow fill his mind and agitate his spirit, that he bared his arms and leaped, seeking by the movement of his limbs to obtain some comfort to his heart and relief to his spirit.
The women could not bare their arms, and therefore they (merely) pushed out the breast, and smote upon their hearts, moving their feet with a sliding, hopping motion, and with a constant, heavy sound, like the crumbling away of a wall.
The expression of grief, sorrow, and deep-seated pain was extreme; hence it is said, 'With beating of the breast and movement of the feet, did they sorrowfully accompany the body; so they escorted it away, and so did they come back to meet its essential part.'
已拜，受矢，進即兩楹間，退反位，揖賓就筵。
(The host) having bowed, and received the arrows (for himself), advances to the space between the two pillars.
He then retires, and returns to his station, motioning also to the guest to go to his mat (for pitching from).
The superintendent of the archery comes forward, and measures the distance of the pot (from the mats), which should be a space of the length of two and a half arrows.
He then returns to his station, sets forth the stand for the tallies, and with his face to the east, takes eight counters and stands up.
He asks the guest to pitch, saying, 'When the arrow goes straight in, it is reckoned an entry.
If you throw a second (without waiting for your opponent to pitch), it is not reckoned.' The victor gives the vanquished a cup to drink; and when the cups of decision have been dispatched, the superintendent begs to set up what he calls 'a horse' for the victor.
If he set up one horse, then a second, and finally a third, he begs to congratulate the thrower on the number of his horses.
He asks the host to pitch in the same way, and with the same words.
He orders the cithern-players to strike up 'The Fox's Head,' with the same interval between (each repetition of the tune), and the director of the music answers, 'Yes.'
司射進度壺，間以二矢半，反位，設中，東面，執八算興。
(The host) having bowed, and received the arrows (for himself), advances to the space between the two pillars.
He then retires, and returns to his station, motioning also to the guest to go to his mat (for pitching from).
The superintendent of the archery comes forward, and measures the distance of the pot (from the mats), which should be a space of the length of two and a half arrows.
He then returns to his station, sets forth the stand for the tallies, and with his face to the east, takes eight counters and stands up.
He asks the guest to pitch, saying, 'When the arrow goes straight in, it is reckoned an entry.
If you throw a second (without waiting for your opponent to pitch), it is not reckoned.' The victor gives the vanquished a cup to drink; and when the cups of decision have been dispatched, the superintendent begs to set up what he calls 'a horse' for the victor.
If he set up one horse, then a second, and finally a third, he begs to congratulate the thrower on the number of his horses.
He asks the host to pitch in the same way, and with the same words.
He orders the cithern-players to strike up 'The Fox's Head,' with the same interval between (each repetition of the tune), and the director of the music answers, 'Yes.'
請賓曰：「順投為入。
(The host) having bowed, and received the arrows (for himself), advances to the space between the two pillars.
He then retires, and returns to his station, motioning also to the guest to go to his mat (for pitching from).
The superintendent of the archery comes forward, and measures the distance of the pot (from the mats), which should be a space of the length of two and a half arrows.
He then returns to his station, sets forth the stand for the tallies, and with his face to the east, takes eight counters and stands up.
He asks the guest to pitch, saying, 'When the arrow goes straight in, it is reckoned an entry.
If you throw a second (without waiting for your opponent to pitch), it is not reckoned.' The victor gives the vanquished a cup to drink; and when the cups of decision have been dispatched, the superintendent begs to set up what he calls 'a horse' for the victor.
If he set up one horse, then a second, and finally a third, he begs to congratulate the thrower on the number of his horses.
He asks the host to pitch in the same way, and with the same words.
He orders the cithern-players to strike up 'The Fox's Head,' with the same interval between (each repetition of the tune), and the director of the music answers, 'Yes.'
比投不釋，勝飲不勝者，正爵既行，請為勝者立馬，一馬從二馬，三馬既立，請慶多馬。」請主人亦如之。
(The host) having bowed, and received the arrows (for himself), advances to the space between the two pillars.
He then retires, and returns to his station, motioning also to the guest to go to his mat (for pitching from).
The superintendent of the archery comes forward, and measures the distance of the pot (from the mats), which should be a space of the length of two and a half arrows.
He then returns to his station, sets forth the stand for the tallies, and with his face to the east, takes eight counters and stands up.
He asks the guest to pitch, saying, 'When the arrow goes straight in, it is reckoned an entry.
If you throw a second (without waiting for your opponent to pitch), it is not reckoned.' The victor gives the vanquished a cup to drink; and when the cups of decision have been dispatched, the superintendent begs to set up what he calls 'a horse' for the victor.
If he set up one horse, then a second, and finally a third, he begs to congratulate the thrower on the number of his horses.
He asks the host to pitch in the same way, and with the same words.
He orders the cithern-players to strike up 'The Fox's Head,' with the same interval between (each repetition of the tune), and the director of the music answers, 'Yes.'
命弦者曰：「請奏《貍首》，間若一。」大師曰：「諾。」
(The host) having bowed, and received the arrows (for himself), advances to the space between the two pillars.
He then retires, and returns to his station, motioning also to the guest to go to his mat (for pitching from).
The superintendent of the archery comes forward, and measures the distance of the pot (from the mats), which should be a space of the length of two and a half arrows.
He then returns to his station, sets forth the stand for the tallies, and with his face to the east, takes eight counters and stands up.
He asks the guest to pitch, saying, 'When the arrow goes straight in, it is reckoned an entry.
If you throw a second (without waiting for your opponent to pitch), it is not reckoned.' The victor gives the vanquished a cup to drink; and when the cups of decision have been dispatched, the superintendent begs to set up what he calls 'a horse' for the victor.
If he set up one horse, then a second, and finally a third, he begs to congratulate the thrower on the number of his horses.
He asks the host to pitch in the same way, and with the same words.
He orders the cithern-players to strike up 'The Fox's Head,' with the same interval between (each repetition of the tune), and the director of the music answers, 'Yes.'
鄉人、士、君子，尊於房戶之間，賓主共之也。
The chief of the district with the accomplished and virtuous men belonging to it had the vessel of liquor placed between the room (on the east), and the door (leading to the apartments on the west), host and guests sharing it between them.
The vessel contained the dark-coloured liquor (of pure water) - showing the value, they attached to its simplicity.
The viands came forth from the room on the east - being supplied by the host.
All washing, took place (in the courtyard) opposite the eastern wing - showing how the host purified himself and made himself ready to serve the guests.
尊有玄酒，貴其質也。
The chief of the district with the accomplished and virtuous men belonging to it had the vessel of liquor placed between the room (on the east), and the door (leading to the apartments on the west), host and guests sharing it between them.
The vessel contained the dark-coloured liquor (of pure water) - showing the value, they attached to its simplicity.
The viands came forth from the room on the east - being supplied by the host.
All washing, took place (in the courtyard) opposite the eastern wing - showing how the host purified himself and made himself ready to serve the guests.
羞出自東房，主人共之也。
The chief of the district with the accomplished and virtuous men belonging to it had the vessel of liquor placed between the room (on the east), and the door (leading to the apartments on the west), host and guests sharing it between them.
The vessel contained the dark-coloured liquor (of pure water) - showing the value, they attached to its simplicity.
The viands came forth from the room on the east - being supplied by the host.
All washing, took place (in the courtyard) opposite the eastern wing - showing how the host purified himself and made himself ready to serve the guests.
洗當東榮，主人之所以自潔，而以事賓也。
The chief of the district with the accomplished and virtuous men belonging to it had the vessel of liquor placed between the room (on the east), and the door (leading to the apartments on the west), host and guests sharing it between them.
The vessel contained the dark-coloured liquor (of pure water) - showing the value, they attached to its simplicity.
The viands came forth from the room on the east - being supplied by the host.
All washing, took place (in the courtyard) opposite the eastern wing - showing how the host purified himself and made himself ready to serve the guests.
是以魯君，孟春乘大路，載弧韣；旗十有二旒，日月之章；祀帝于郊，配以后稷。
Thus it was that the rulers of Lu, in the first month of spring, rode in a grand carriage, displaying the banner, suspended from its bow-like arm, with the twelve streamers, and having the sun and moon emblazoned on it, to sacrifice to God in the suburb of their metropolis, associating Hou Ji as his assessor in the service - according to the ceremonies used by the son of Heaven.
天子之禮也。
Thus it was that the rulers of Lu, in the first month of spring, rode in a grand carriage, displaying the banner, suspended from its bow-like arm, with the twelve streamers, and having the sun and moon emblazoned on it, to sacrifice to God in the suburb of their metropolis, associating Hou Ji as his assessor in the service - according to the ceremonies used by the son of Heaven.
成人之者，將責成人禮焉也。
Treating him (now) as a grown-up man, they would require from him all the observances of a full-grown man.
Doing so, they would require from him the performance of all the duties of a son, a younger brother, a subject, and a junior.
But when these four duties or services were required from him, was it not right that the ceremony by which he was placed in such a position should be considered important?
責成人禮焉者，將責為人子、為人弟、為人臣、為人少者之禮行焉。
Treating him (now) as a grown-up man, they would require from him all the observances of a full-grown man.
Doing so, they would require from him the performance of all the duties of a son, a younger brother, a subject, and a junior.
But when these four duties or services were required from him, was it not right that the ceremony by which he was placed in such a position should be considered important?
將責四者之行於人，其禮可不重與？
Treating him (now) as a grown-up man, they would require from him all the observances of a full-grown man.
Doing so, they would require from him the performance of all the duties of a son, a younger brother, a subject, and a junior.
But when these four duties or services were required from him, was it not right that the ceremony by which he was placed in such a position should be considered important?
大饗，君三重席而酢焉。
At a great feast (to the ruler of another state), the ruler (who was the host) received the cup seated on his three mats. (On occasion of a visit through a minister or Great officer) when the cup was thrice presented, the ruler received it on a single mat:--so did he descend from the privilege of his more honourable rank, and assume the lower distinction (of his visitor).
三獻之介，君專席而酢焉。
At a great feast (to the ruler of another state), the ruler (who was the host) received the cup seated on his three mats. (On occasion of a visit through a minister or Great officer) when the cup was thrice presented, the ruler received it on a single mat:--so did he descend from the privilege of his more honourable rank, and assume the lower distinction (of his visitor).
此降尊以就卑也。
At a great feast (to the ruler of another state), the ruler (who was the host) received the cup seated on his three mats. (On occasion of a visit through a minister or Great officer) when the cup was thrice presented, the ruler received it on a single mat:--so did he descend from the privilege of his more honourable rank, and assume the lower distinction (of his visitor).