§（二）任何工作任务，如果没有一般的普遍的号召，就不能动员广大群众行动起来。
#§2.
In any task, if no general and widespread call is issued, the broad masses cannot be mobilized for action.
但如果只限于一般号召，而领导人员没有具体地直接地从若干组织将所号召的工作深入实施，突破一点，取得经验，然后利用这种经验去指导其它单位，就无法考验自己提出的一般号召是否正确，也无法充实一般号召的内容，就有使一般号召归于落空的危险。
# But if persons in leading positions confine themselves to a general call--if they do not personally, in some of the organizations, go deeply and concretely into the work called for, make a break-through at some single point, gain experience and use this experience for guiding other units--then they will have no way of testing the correctness or of enriching the content of their general call, and there is the danger that nothing may come of it.
例如一九四二年的各地整风，凡有成绩者，都是采用了一般号召和个别指导相结合的方法；凡无成绩者，都是没有采用此种方法。
# In the rectification movement of 1942, for example, there were achievements wherever the method of combining the general call with particular and specific guidance was used, but there were no achievements wherever this method was not used.
一九四三年的整风，各中央局、中央分局、区党委和地委，除提出一般号召（全年整风计划）外，必须在自己机关中和附近机关、学校、部队中，选择二、三单位（不要很多），深入研究，详细了解整风学习在这些单位的发展过程，详细了解这些单位中若干个（也不要很多）有代表性的工作人员的政治经历、思想特点、学习勤惰和工作优劣，并亲自指导这些单位的负责人具体地解决各该单位的实际问题，借以取得经验。
# In the rectification movement of 1943, each bureau and sub-bureau of the Central Committee and each area and prefectural Party committee, in addition to making a general call (a rectification plan for the whole year), must do the following things, gaining experience in the process.
Select two or three units (but not too many) from the organization itself and from other organizations, schools or army units in the vicinity.
Make a thorough study of those units, acquire a detailed knowledge of the development of the rectification movement in them and a detailed knowledge of the political history, the ideological characteristics, the zeal in study and the strong and weak points in the work of some (again not too many) representative members of their personnel.
Furthermore, give personal guidance to those in charge to find concrete solutions for the practical problems facing those units.
一机关、一学校、一部队内部也有若干单位，该机关、该学校、该部队的领导人员也须这样去做。
# The leaders in every organization, school or army unit must do likewise, as each of these has a number of subordinate units.
这又是领导人员指导和学习相结合的方法。
# Moreover, this is the method by which the leaders combine leading and learning.
任何领导人员，凡不从下级个别单位的个别人员、个别事件取得具体经验者，必不能向一切单位作普遍的指导。
# No one in a leading position is competent to give general guidance to all the units unless he derives concrete experience from particular individuals and events in particular subordinate units.
§（三）一九四二年的整风经验又证明：每一单位的整风，必须在整风过程中形成一个以该单位的首要负责人为核心的少数积极分子的领导骨干，并使这一领导骨干和参加学习的广大群众密切结合，才能使整风完成任务。
#§3.
Experience in the 1942 rectification movement also proves it is essential for the success of the rectification that a leading group should be formed in each unit in the course of the movement, made up of a small number of activists and with the heads of the given unit as its nucleus, and that this leading group should link itself closely with the masses taking part in the movement.
只有领导骨干的积极性，而无广大群众的积极性相结合，便将成为少数人的空忙。
# However active the leading group may be, its activity will amount to fruitless effort by a handful of people unless combined with the activity of the masses.
但如果只有广大群众的积极性，而无有力的领导骨干去恰当地组织群众的积极性，则群众积极性既不可能持久，也不可能走向正确的方向和提到高级的程度。
# On the other hand, if the masses alone are active without a strong leading group to organize their activity properly, such activity cannot be sustained for long, or carried forward in the right direction, or raised to a high level.
任何有群众的地方，大致都有比较积极的、中间状态的和比较落后的三部分人。
# The masses in any given place are generally composed of three parts, the relatively active, the intermediate and the relatively backward.
故领导者必须善于团结少数积极分子作为领导的骨干，并凭借这批骨干去提高中间分子，争取落后分子。
# The leaders must therefore be skilled in uniting the small number of active elements around the leadership and must rely on them to raise the level of the intermediate element and to win over the backward elements.
凡属真正团结一致、联系群众的领导骨干，必须是从群众斗争中逐渐形成，而不是脱离群众斗争所能形成的。
# A leading group that is genuinely united and linked with the masses can be formed only gradually in the process of mass struggle, and not in isolation from it.
在多数情形下，一个伟大的斗争过程，其开始阶段、中间阶段和最后阶段的领导骨干，不应该是也不可能是完全同一的；必须不断地提拔在斗争中产生的积极分子，来替换原有骨干中相形见绌的分子，或腐化了的分子。
# In the process of a great struggle, the composition of the leading group in most cases should not and cannot remain entirely unchanged throughout the initial, middle and final stages; the activists who come forward in the course of the struggle must constantly be promoted to replace those original members of the leading group who are inferior by comparison or who have degenerated.
许多地方和许多机关工作推不动的一个基本原因，就是缺乏这样一个团结一致、联系群众的经常健全的领导骨干。
# One fundamental reason why the work in many places and many organizations cannot be pushed ahead is the lack of a leading group which is united, linked with the masses and kept constantly healthy.
一个百人的学校，如果没有一个从教员中、职员中、学生中按照实际形成的（不是勉强凑集的）最积极最正派最机敏的几个人乃至十几个人的领导骨干，这个学校就一定办不好。
# A school of a hundred people certainly cannot be run well if it does not have a leading group of several people; or a dozen or more, which is formed in accordance with the actual circumstances (and not thrown together artificially) and is composed of the most active, upright and alert of the teachers, the other staff and the students.
斯大林论党的布尔什维克化的十二个条件的第九条中所说建立领导核心问题，我们应该应用到一切大小机关、学校、部队、工厂和农村中去。
# In every organization, school, army unit, factory or village, whether large or small, we should give effect to the ninth of Stalin's twelve conditions for the bolshevization of the Party, namely, that on the establishment of a nucleus of leadership.
这种领导骨干的标准，应当是季米特洛夫论干部政策中所举的四条干部标准（无限忠心，联系群众，有独立工作能力，遵守纪律）。
# The criteria for such a leading group should be the four which Dimitrov enumerated in his discussion of cadres policy--absolute devotion to the cause, contact with the masses, ability independently to find one's bearings and observance of discipline.
无论是执行战争、生产、教育（包括整风）等中心任务，或是执行检查工作、审查干部和其它工作，除采取一般号召和个别指导相结合的方法以外，都须采取领导骨干和广大群众相结合的方法。
#Whether in carrying out the central tasks--war, production, education (including rectification)--or in checking-up on work, examining the cadres' histories, or in other activities, it is necessary to adopt the method of linking the leading group with the masses, in addition to that of linking the general call with particular guidance.
§（四）在我党的一切实际工作中，凡属正确的领导，必须是从群众中来，到群众中去。
#§4.
In all the practical work of our Party, all correct leadership is necessarily "from the masses, to the masses".
这就是说，将群众的意见（分散的无系统的意见）集中起来（经过研究，化为集中的系统的意见），又到群众中去作宣传解释，化为群众的意见，使群众坚持下去，见之于行动，并在群众行动中考验这些意见是否正确。
# This means: take the ideas of the masses (scattered and unsystematic ideas) and concentrate them (through study turn them into concentrated and systematic ideas), then go to the masses and propagate and explain these ideas until the masses embrace them as their own, hold fast to them and translate them into action, and test the correctness of these ideas in such action.
然后再从群众中集中起来，再到群众中坚持下去。
# Then once again concentrate ideas from the masses and once again go to the masses so that the ideas are persevered in and carried through.
如此无限循环，一次比一次地更正确、更生动、更丰富。
# And so on, over and over again in an endless spiral, with the ideas becoming more correct, more vital and richer each time.
这就是马克思主义的认识论。
# Such is the Marxist theory of knowledge.