§我们的军队在遭受极端物质困难的目前状况之下,在分散作战的目前状况之下,切不可将一切物质供给责任都由上面领导机关负起来,这样既束缚了下面广大人员的手足,而又不可能满足下面的要求。
#§In the existing circumstances in which our army is facing extreme material difficulties and is engaged in dispersed operations, it is absolutely inadmissible for the leading bodies to assume full responsibility for provisioning the army, for to do so would both hamper the initiative of the large numbers of officers and men at the lower levels and fail to satisfy their needs.
只要上面善于提出任务,放手让下面自力更生,问题就解决了,而且能够更加完善地解决它。
# If only the leadership at the higher levels sets the tasks well and gives the lower levels a free hand to overcome difficulties by their own efforts, the problem will be solved and, indeed, solved in a more satisfactory way.
如果上面不去这样作,而把一切事实上担负不起来的担子老是由自己担起来,不敢放手让下面去做,不去发动广大群众自力更生的积极性,虽然上面费尽了气力,结果将是上下交困,在目前条件下永远也不能解决问题。
# But if, instead, the higher levels always shoulder loads heavier than they can really carry, dare not give the lower levels a free hand and do not arouse enthusiasm for self-reliance among the broad masses, then in spite of all the efforts of the higher levels the result will be that both the higher and the lower levels will find themselves in a predicament, and the problem will never be solved in the existing circumstances.
几年来的经验,已经充分证明了这一点。
# The experience of the last few years has amply borne this out.
“统一领导,分散经营”的原则,已被证明是我们解放区在目前条件下组织一切经济生活的正确的原则。
# The principle of "unified leadership and decentralized management" has proved to be the correct one for organizing all economic activities in our Liberated Areas in the present circumstances.
§解放区的军队,已经达到了九十多万。
# The armed forces of the Liberated Areas already total more than 900,000 men.
为着打败日本侵略者,还需要扩大军队到几个九十万。
# To defeat the Japanese aggressors, we must increase them to several times this number.
就是假定将来有了外援,生活资料也只能由我们自己来供给,这是一点主观主义也来不得的。
# Even if we get it in the future, we shall still have to provide our own means of livelihood; on that score there must be no illusions whatsoever.
在不久的将来,我们需要集中必要的兵团,离开现在分散作战的地区,到一定的攻击目标上去作战。
# In the near future we shall have to take the necessary number of military formations from the areas where they are now engaged in dispersed operations, and concentrate them for attack on particular enemy objectives.
这种集中行动的大兵团,不但不能生产自给了,而且需要后方的大量的物质供给;只有被留下来的地方部队和地方兵团(其数目将还是广大的),还能照旧一面作战,一面生产。
# Such big formations for concentrated action will be unable to engage in production to support themselves, and, what is more, will need large supplies from the rear; only the local troops and regional formations remaining behind (and they will still be considerable) will be able both to fight and to engage in production as before.
照此看来,我们全军应趁目前的时机,在不妨碍作战和训练的条件之下,一律学会完成部分的生产自给的任务,难道还有疑问吗?
# Such being the case, is there any doubt that, as long as fighting and training are not impeded, all troops without exception should use the present opportunity to learn how to be partially self-supporting through production?
§军队的生产自给,在我们的条件下,形式上是落后的、倒退的,实质上是进步的,具有重大历史意义的。
#§In our circumstances, production by the army for its own support, though backward or retrogressive in form, is progressive in substance and of great historic significance.
在形式上,我们违背了分工的原则。
# Formally speaking, we are violating the principle of division of labour.
但是,在我们的条件下――国家贫困、国家分裂(这些都是国民党主要统治集团所造成的罪恶结果)以及分散的长期的人民游击战争,我们这样做,就是进步的了。
# However, in our circumstances-- the poverty and disunity of the country (resulting from the crimes of the chief ruling clique of the Kuomintang), and the protracted and dispersed people's guerrilla war--what we are doing is progressive.
大家看,国民党的军队面黄肌瘦,解放区的军队身强力壮。
# Look how pale and emaciated the Kuomintang soldiers are, and how robust and strong our soldiers of the Liberated Areas are!
现在,让站在我们面前的两个部队,例如说两个连,去选择两种办法中的一种:或者由上面全部供给生活资料;或者不给它或少给它,让它全部、大部、半部或小部地生产自给。
# Let us ask two army units here, say two companies, to choose between the two methods, i.e., between the higher levels supplying them with all their means of livelihood and the higher levels supplying little or nothing but letting them produce for themselves all that they need, or the greater part, or half, or even less than half of what they need.
哪一种它们愿意接受些呢?
# Which will they prefer?
在认真地试行一年生产自给之后,一定会认为后一种办法结果要好些,愿意接受它;一定会认为前一种办法结果要差些,不愿意接受它。
# After a year's serious experiment in production for self-support, they will surely answer that the second method yields better results and be willing to adopt it, and they will surely answer that the first method yields poorer results and be unwilling to adopt it.
这是因为后者能使我们部队的一切成员改善生活;而前者,在目前的物质困难条件下,无论怎样由上面供给,也不能满足他们的要求。
# The reason is that the second method can improve the living conditions of everyone in the army, whereas the first method can never satisfy their needs in the present difficult material circumstances, however hard the higher levels may try.
至于因为我们采用了这种表面上“落后的”、“倒退的”办法,而使我们的军队克服了生活资料的困难,改善了生活,个个身强力壮,足以减轻同在困难中的人民的赋税负担,因而取得人民的拥护,足以支持长期战争,并足以扩大军队,因而也就能够扩大解放区,缩小沦陷区,达到最后地消灭侵略者、解放全中国的目的。
# Because we have adopted what seems to be a "backward" and "retrogressive" method, our troops are able to overcome shortages in the means of livelihood and improve their living conditions, so that every soldier is robust and strong; as a result, we are able to ease the tax burden on the people who are also in difficulties, thus winning their support, and we are able to keep up the protracted war and expand our armed forces, thus extending the Liberated Areas, reducing the enemy-occupied areas and attaining our objective of final victory over the aggressor and the liberation of the whole of China.
§军队生产自给,不但改善了生活,减轻了人民负担,并因而能够扩大军队,而且立即带来了许多副产物。
#§Production by the army for its own support has not only improved the army's living conditions and lightened the burden on the people, thereby making it possible further to expand the army. # In addition, it has had many immediate effects.
这些副产物就是:(一)改善官兵关系。
# They are as follows: #§(1) Improved relations between officers and men.
官兵一道生产劳动,亲如兄弟了。
# Officers and men work together in production and become like brothers.
我们现行的,既不是旧式的募兵制,也不是征兵制,而是第三种兵役制――动员制。
# What we now have is neither the old mercenary system nor universal military service, but a third system, the system of mobilizing volunteers.