“政府自抗战结束以后,即以和平建国方针力谋中共问题之和平解决。
#§"After the conclusion of the War of Resistance, the Government, following a policy of peace and national reconstruction, endeavoured to solve peacefully the problem of the Communist Party of China.
经过一年半之时间,一切协议皆为中共所破坏,故中共应负破坏和平之责任。
# §For a period of a year and a half the Communist Party of China broke every agreement and therefore it should bear the responsibility for wrecking peace.
今日中共反而提出所谓战犯名单,将政府负责人士尽皆列入,更要求政府先行逮捕,其蛮横无理,显而易见。
#§ Instead, it has now drawn up a list of so-called war criminals which includes all the Government leaders and has even demanded that the Government first arrest them; this clearly shows how truculent and unreasonable the Communist Party is.
中共如不改变此种作风,则和平商谈之途径,势难寻觅。”
# §Unless the Communist Party of China changes this behaviour, it will indeed be difficult to find a way to peace negotiations."
以上是一九四九年二月十三日国民党中央宣传部所发《特别宣传指示》中关于战争责任问题的全部论点。
#§The above is the entire argument on the question of the responsibility for the war which the Propaganda Department of the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang advanced in a "Special Directive for Propaganda", issued on February 13, 1949. #§It is the argument of none other than War Criminal No. 1, Chiang Kai-shek.
蒋介石在其元旦声明里说:“中正为三民主义的信徒,秉承国父的遗教,本不愿在对日作战之后再继之以剿匪的军事,来加重人民的痛苦。
# §In his New Year's Day statement he said: As a devoted adherent of the Three People's Principles and the teachings of the Father of the Republic, I was reluctant to follow the conclusion of the war against Japan with the armed suppression of the bandits and thereby to aggravate the sufferings of the people.
所以抗日战事甫告结束,我们政府立即揭举和平建国的方针,更进而以政治商谈、军事调处的方法解决共党问题。
# §Therefore, as soon as the War of Resistance came to an end, our Government proclaimed its policy of peace and national reconstruction and moreover sought to solve the Communist problem by means of political consultation and military mediation.
不意经过了一年有半的时间,共党对于一切协议和方案都横加梗阻,使其不能依预期的步骤见诸实施。
# §But contrary to our expectations, the Communist Party for a period of a year and a half wilfully obstructed all agreements and proposals and made it impossible to carry them out by the measures which were originally intended.
而最后更发动其全面武装叛乱,危害国家的生存。
# §Finally, it even started an all-out armed rebellion which threatened the very existence of the state.
我政府迫不得已,乃忍痛动员,从事戡乱。”
#§ This Government was thus driven to the painful necessity of mobilization to put down the rebellion.
在蒋介石发表这个声明的前七天,即一九四八年十二月二十五日,即有中共权威人士提出了四十三个战犯名单,赫然列在第一名的,就是这个蒋介石。
#§On December 25, 1948, seven days before Chiang Kai-shek made this statement, an authoritative person in the Communist Party of China put forward a list of forty-three war criminals and illustrious at the head of the list was none other than this same Chiang Kai-shek.
战犯们又要求和,又要逃避责任,只有将责任推在共产党身上一个法子。
#§ The war criminals, who want both to sue for peace and to shirk their responsibility, have no alternative but to shift the blame onto the Communist Party.
可是这是不调和的。
#§ But the two are irreconcilable.
共产党既然应负发动战争的责任,那末,就应当惩办共产党。
# §Since the Communist Party should bear the responsibility for launching the war, then the Communist Party should be punished.
既然是“匪”,就应当“剿匪”。
# §Since the Communists are "bandits", then the "bandits" should be "suppressed".
既然“发动其全面武装叛乱”,就应当“戡乱”。
#§ Since they "started an all-out armed rebellion", then the "rebellion" should be "put down".
“剿匪”,“戡乱”,是百分之百的对,为什么可以不剿不戡了呢?
#§ "Bandit suppression" and "the putting down of rebellion" are a hundred per cent right, so why should they be abandoned?
为什么从一九四九年一月一日以后,一切国民党的公开文件一律将“共匪”改成了“共党”呢?
# §Why has the term "Communist bandits" been changed into "Communist Party" in all Kuomintang public documents issued since January 1, 1949?
孙科觉得有些不妥,他在蒋介石发表元旦声明的同一天的晚上,发表广播演说,关于战争责任问题,提出了一个不同的论点。
#§Sun Fo, feeling that something was amiss, put forward a different argument about the responsibility for the war in a speech broadcast on the evening of the same day Chiang Kai-shek issued his New Year's Day statement.
孙科说:“回忆三年前,当抗战胜利的初期,由于人民需要休养生息,由于国家需要积极建设,由于各党派对国家和人民的需要尚有共同的认识,我们曾经集合各方代表和社会贤达于一堂,举行过政治协商会议。
# §Sun Fo said: We remember that in the early period following the victory of the War of Resistance, three years ago, because the people needed rehabilitation, the country needed active reconstruction and there was still common understanding of these needs among the various parties, we called together representatives from various quarters and public personages for a Political Consultative Conference.
经过三星期的努力,更多谢杜鲁门总统的特使马歇尔先生的善意调协,我们也曾经商定了一个和平建国纲领和解决各种争端的具体方案。
# §After three weeks' effort and thanks especially to the kind mediation of Mr. Marshall, President Truman's special envoy, we agreed upon a programme for peace and national reconstruction and upon specific measures for settling various disputes.
假如当时我们能将各种方案及时实行,试问今日的中国应该是如何的繁荣,今天的中国人民应该是如何的幸福啊!
# §If we had then carried out all these measures in good time, just think how prosperous China would be today, and how happy her people would be!
可惜当时各方既未能完全放弃小我的利害,全国人民亦未能用最大的努力去促进这个和平运动的成功,遂致战祸复发,生灵涂炭。”
#§ Unfortunately, at the time none of the various parties concerned would entirely forgo its selfish interests, the people throughout the country did not exert themselves to the utmost to promote the success of the peace movement, and so the disaster of war again occurred, plunging the people into misery and suffering.
你看,他不是如同蒋介石那样,将战争责任一塌括子推在共产党身上,而是采取了“平均地权”的办法,将责任平分给“各方”。
# §You see, unlike Chiang Kai-shek, he does not shift the responsibility for the war entirely onto the Communist Party, but divides the blame equally among "the various parties concerned" by the method of "equalization of landownership".