这个过渡时期大约需要十八年，即恢复时期的三年，加上三个五年计划。
# This transition period will cover roughly eighteen years, that is, the three years of rehabilitation plus the span of three five-year plans.
在我们党内，对于这个总路线的提法和时间的规定，从表面上看，大家都是同意的，但是在实际上是有不同意见的。
# On the surface there has been a consensus in our Party on this formulation of the general line and the specification of the time-limit, but in reality there have been differences of opinion.
这种不同意见，在目前，主要地表现在关于农业的社会主义改造即农业合作化的问题上。
# At present, these differences manifest themselves chiefly on the Question of the socialist transformation of agriculture, or agricultural co-operation.
§有些人说，在农业合作化的问题上，几年以来，似乎可以看出这样一条规律，即在冬季是提倡发展的，一到春季就有人反冒进。
#§Some people say that in the last few years there seems to have been a certain rule operating in agricultural co-operation, namely, expansion is encouraged in winter but is bound to be opposed in the spring by certain persons as rash advance.
这个说法是有原因的，因为他们看见已经反过几次所谓冒进了。
# There are reasons for that remark, for they have seen opposition to the alleged rash advance on several occasions.
例如，一九五二年冬季有一个发展，一九五三年春季就来了一个反冒进；一九五四年冬季有了一个发展，一九五五年春季又来了一个反冒进。
# For example, there was an expansion in the winter of 1952, only to be opposed as a rash advance in the spring of 1953; again there was an expansion in the winter of 1954, only to be opposed once more as a rash advance in the following spring.
所谓反冒进，不但是停止发展，而且是成批地强迫解散（一名“砍掉”）已经建成的合作社，引起了干部和农民群众的不满意。
# Opposition to the alleged rash advance meant not only halting the expansion but compulsorily dissolving (or "axing") large numbers of co-operatives already set up, thus rousing dissatisfaction among the cadres and peasant masses.
有些农民气得不吃饭，或者躺在床上不起来，或者十几天不出工。
# Some peasants were so disgusted that they refused to eat, or kept to their beds, or skipped work a dozen days in a row.
他们说：“叫办、也是你们，叫散也是你们。”
# They said, "You were the ones who told us to set up the co-operatives, and now you are the ones who tell us to disband them."
叫散，富裕中农高兴，贫农发愁。
# Dissolution gladdened the well-to-do middle peasants but saddened the poor peasants.
湖北的贫农听了停或散的消息，感到“冷了半截”，有些中农则说，“等于朝了一次木兰山”（湖北黄陂县有一个木兰山，山上有一个农民高兴去朝拜的木兰庙）。
# When the news about the halting of expansion or the dissolution reached the poor peasants in Hu-peh Province, they were "chilled to the bone", but some middle peasants said, "This is as good as a pilgrimage to Mulan Hill." (On Mulan Hill in Huangpi County, Hupeh Province, there stands the Mulan Temple, a place peasants like to visit on pilgrimage. )
§为什么有些同志会发生这种在常人看来完全不应该有的动摇呢？
#§Why this wavering on the part of some comrades which most people find absolutely uncalled for?
因为他们受了一些中农的影响。
# Because they have fallen under the influence of some of the middle peasants.
有一些中农，特别是有严重的资本主义倾向的富裕中农，在合作化的初期，对于社会主义改造这件事是有抵触情绪的。
# At the initial stage of the co-operative movement some of the middle peasants, especially the well-to-do middle peasants who had strong leanings towards capitalism, were averse to socialist transformation.
这里关系到党在合作化运动中对于中农的政策和工作方法。
# Here what makes the difference is the Party's policy and method of work with respect to the middle peasants in the co-operative movement.
许多经济地位较低政治觉悟较高的中农，主要地是新中农中间的下中农和老中农中间的下中农，只要我们实行对于贫农和中农这两个阶层互相有利，而不是只利于贫农不利于中农的政策，加上我们的工作方法是好的，他们就愿意加入合作社。
# Many middle peasants, mainly the new and old lower-middle peasants, who are not so well off and have a higher level of political consciousness, are willing to join the co-operatives, provided we pursue a policy which benefits both strata, that is, the poor and also the middle peasants, and not a policy exclusively beneficial to the former, and provided our method of work is good.
但是有一些中农，即使实行这种政策，他们也还是想暂时站在社外，“自由一两年也好”。
# However, even if we follow this policy, some middle peasants will still prefer to stay outside the co-operatives for the time being and "to remain free if only for a year or two".
这种情况是完全可以理解的，因为合作化是要变更农民的私有生产资料的制度和整个的经营方法，这对于他们是一个根本的变化，他们当然要审慎考虑，在一个时期内不容易下决心。
# This is perfectly understandable, for co-operation means a change in the peasants' private ownership of the means of production and the entire mode of management; for them this is a fundamental change, so naturally they want to give the matter careful consideration and for some time may find it difficult to make a decision.
我们的一些同志不去从党的政策和工作方法上解决问题，听了富裕中农一叫，工作中又有一些偏差，就惊惶失措起来，大反其“冒进”，动不动就要“砍掉”合作社，好象如果不赶快割去这个毒瘤，人就会要死了似的。
# Some of our comrades failed to tackle problems in accordance with the Party's policy and method of work and, when faced with complaints from the well-to-do middle peasants and certain flaws in our work, they panicked, raised a hue and cry against "rash advance", and "axed" co-operatives at will as if they were malignant tumours which would be fatal unless removed at once.
我们工作中的缺点是有的；但是整个的运动是健康的。
# Shortcomings there are in our work, but on the whole the movement is healthy.
广大的贫农和下中农欢迎合作社。
# The masses of the poor and lower-middle peasants welcome the co-operatives.
一部分中农需要看一看，我们就应当让他们看一看。
# If some of the middle peasants want to wait and see, we should let them.
富裕中农，除了那些自愿的以外，更应当让他们看的时间长一些。
# As for the well-to-do middle peasants, we should give them even more time to wait and see, except for those willing to join.
目前，在这个问题上的主要的缺点，是在很多的地方，党的领导没有赶上去，他们没有把整个运动的领导拿到自己的手里来，没有一省一县一区一乡的完整的规划，只是零敲碎打地在那里做，他们缺乏一种主动的积极的高兴的欢迎的全力以赴的精神。
# At present, the main defect in the movement is that in many places the Party leadership has failed to keep pace; the comrades in charge have not taken the leadership of the whole movement into their hands, they have no over-all plan for the province, county, district or township, but adopt a piecemeal approach, and they lack initiative, enthusiasm warm responsiveness and drive.