毛泽东选集/《中国农村的社会主义高潮》的按语

# The full text of which reads:

#§These notes which appeared in the book entitled Socialist Upsurge in China's Countrysidewere written in September and December 1955. # To this day some have not lost their significance.

# There is however one statement in the notes to the effect that 1955 was the year in which socialism won basic victory in the decisive battle with capitalism; it is not proper to put it that way.

# This is the way it should be put: 1955 was the year in which basic victory was won as regards the aspect of ownership in the relations of production, while in the other aspects of the relations of production as well as in some aspects of the superstructure, namely, on the ideological and political fronts, either a basic victory was not won or, if won, the victory was not complete, and further efforts were required.

# We did not anticipate that such a great storm would burst upon the world in 1956, nor did we anticipate that a campaign to "oppose rash advance" would occur in the same year in our country, a campaign which dampened the enthusiasm of the masses.

# Both events gave a considerable stimulus to the Rightists in mounting their wild attacks.

# Hence a lesson can be drawn: neither socialist revolution nor socialist construction is plain sailing, and we should be prepared to cope with the many great difficulties that may crop up at home and abroad.

# Both internationally and domestically the general situation is favourable, we can be sure of this, but many serious difficulties are bound to occur and we must be prepared to tackle them.

#§This is a very well written article which deserves to be recommended to the reader as the first piece in this book.

# As described at the beginning of the article, in many parts of the country there are still quite a few people who are "steering clear of the co-op" because they are ignorant about it and are afraid of being asked questions.

# "Resolute contraction", the wholesale dissolution of co-operatives by command, is likewise a manifestation of "steering clear of the co-op".

# The only difference is that, instead of taking a passive attitude of evasion, these people take a very active attitude and "axe" (to use their own expression) a great many co-operatives with one fell blow.

# Axe in hand, they chop and thus avoid troublesome problems.

# They say that there are all sorts of difficulties in running co-operatives, and according to them the difficulties defy the imagination.

# However, there are countless examples throughout the country which give the lie to their arguments.

# One such example is the experience of Tsunhua County, Hopei Province.

# In 1952 no one there knew how to run a co-operative.

# Their solution was to learn how.

# Their slogan was: "The Party secretary pitches in and all Party members help run the co-ops."

# The result was: "from knowing nothing to knowing a lot", "from a few knowing how to many knowing how", "from district cadres running the co-ops to the masses running them".

# In the three years from 1952 to 1954,the eleven townships of the Tenth District, Tsunhua County, Hopei Province, basically completed semi-socialist co-operative transformation, with 85 per cent of the 4,343 peasant households drawn into co-operatives.

# Compared with 1952, production in agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry in this district showed the following increases in 1954: grain 76 per cent, timber trees 56. #4 per cent, fruit trees 62. #87 per cent and sheep 463. #1 per cent.

# I can see only one reason -- unwillingness to take the trouble, or, to put it more bluntly, Right opportunism.

# Hence "steering clear of the co-op", hence the Party secretary not pitching in and all Party members not helping to run the co-operatives, and hence from knowing nothing to still knowing nothing, from a few knowing how to still only a few knowing how, from district cadres running the co-operatives to still only district cadres running them.