统计数据显示世界上五个人中有四个人在用完洗手间之后都不洗手并且同样的，在我们进入有自来水，有肥皂提供的豪华洗手间时也不洗手。
Well, statistics are actually showing that four people out of five don't wash their hands when they come out of the toilet, globally.
并且在乡村也是这样，那里孩子的死亡率非常高。
And the same way, we don't do it when we've got fancy toilets, running water, and soap available, it's the same thing in the countries where child mortality is really high.
这是为什么？
没有肥皂吗？
What is it?
Is there no soap?
实际上，有肥皂。
Actually, soap is available.
在印度百分之九十家庭，在肯尼亚百分之九十四的家庭，都有肥皂。
In 90 percent of households in India, 94 percent of households in Kenya, you will find soap.
甚至在肥皂拥有率最低的乡村，像埃塞俄比亚，都有百分之五十。
Even in countries where soap is the lowest, like Ethiopia, we are at 50 percent.
那么为什么会这样呢？
So why is it?
人们为什么都不洗手了？
Why aren't people washing their hands?
马扬克我在印度认识的一个男孩为什么他不洗手呢？
Why is it that Mayank, this young boy that I met in India, isn't washing his hands?
在马扬克的家中，肥皂用来洗澡，用来洗衣服，用来洗碗。
Well, in Mayank's family, soap is used for bathing, soap is used for laundry, soap is used for washing dishes.
有时他的父母认为肥皂是一个珍贵的日用品，所以他们会把肥皂放在碗柜里。
His parents think sometimes it's a precious commodity, so they'll keep it in a cupboard.
不让马扬克碰肥仔以免他浪费了肥皂。
They'll keep it away from him so he doesn't waste it.
通常来说，在马扬克的家里，他们会用肥皂洗手一天一次这样算好的，有时甚至一个星期才用肥皂洗一次手。
On average, in Mayank's family, they will use soap for washing hands once a day at the very best, and sometimes even once a week for washing hands with soap.
那么这样的后果是什么?
What's the result of that?
孩子们在家里会染上疾病在这个本该最给他们关爱最能保护他们的地方。
Children pick up disease in the place that's supposed to love them and protect them the most, in their homes.
大公司和大品牌可以改变一些社会习俗并且使一些习惯发生改变这些习惯实在是太难改变了。
Big businesses and brands can change and shift those social norms and make a difference for those habits that are so stubborn.
想一想：商人们一直想尽办法让我们从一个品牌换到另一个品牌。
Think about it: Marketeers spend all their time making us switch from one brand to the other.
并且事实上，他们知道如何将科技转换成激发人们兴趣的信息。
And actually, they know how to transform science and facts into compelling messages.
用一分钟的时间想象一下，商人们用尽全力地传递一个有力地信息：用肥皂洗手。
Just for a minute, imagine when they put all their forces behind a message as powerful as handwashing with soap.
这样做的动机就是改善这个世界的卫生与健康。
The profit motive is transforming health outcomes in this world.
但是商家们这么做已经有几个世纪了：Lifebuoy这个品牌1894年建立，在维多利亚女王时代的英国，当时是为了抵抗霍乱。
But it's been happening for centuries: the Lifebuoy brand was launched in 1894 in Victorian England to actually combat cholera.
上个星期，我在加纳（非洲西部国家），和卫生部长在一起，因为在当时，你们可能不知道，那里霍乱正在爆发。
Last week, I was in Ghana with the minister of health, because if you don't know, there's a cholera outbreak in Ghana at the moment.
118年之后，解决方案仍旧是一样的：就是确保人人都能用到肥皂，并且人们确实在使用它，因为这是预防霍乱传播的首要方法。
A hundred and eighteen years later, the solution is exactly the same: It's about ensuring that they have access to this bar of soap, and that they're using it, because that's the number one way to actually stop cholera from spreading.