总是说吃这个，不能吃那个，这个对你有好处，那个对你没好处？
Why is it always do and don'ts and it's good for you, it's not good for you?
我认为对我来说的好消息就是如果我们回到开头所说的未释放的，对释放人类的潜能的延续。
I think the good news for me would be if we could go back and talk about the unleashing, the continuation of the unleashing of human potential.
现在，烹饪也让我们成为迁徙的物种。
Now, cooking allowed also that we became a migrant species.
我们两次走出非洲。
We walked out of Africa two times.
我们在各种生态环境中繁衍。
We populated all the ecologies.
如果你能煮食，你就什么也不用怕，因为无论你找到什么，你都会试图转化它们。
If you can cook, nothing can happen to you, because whatever you find, you will try to transform it.
它也让你开动脑筋想方设法。
It keeps also your brain working.
目前所发展出来的非常简单易行的技术事实上就是遵循这样的公式。
Now the very easy and simple technology which was developed actually runs after this formula.
拿来一些看上去像食物的东西，转化它，它就提供给你好的，容易获取的能量。
Take something which looks like food, transform it, and it gives you a good, very easy, accessible energy.
之所以我们可以混合所有这些东西是因为我们知道通过烹调，我们可以将它们转化成形。
So we can make mixtures of all this kind of thing because we know that, in cooking, we can transform it to the form.
奖赏：这是一个更为复杂和特别一体化的形式存在于我们的大脑中其中包含了各种各样的因素——外部环境，我们的内部状态，我们如何感知以及其它所有这些都放在一起。
Reward: this is a more complex and especially integrative form of our brain with various different elements — the external states, our internal states, how do we feel, and so on are put together.
而且有些东西你可能未必喜欢，但是你太饿了所以你也可以很满意地吃下去。
And something which maybe you don't like but you are so hungry that you really will be satisfied to eat.
所以满足感是一个非常重要的部分。
So satisfaction was a very important part.
而且正如我说的，能量也是必须的。
And as I say, energy was necessary.
现在这个脑子在管理着这一切，调动肌肉使之运动，保护表面，当然，还要消化我们所煮的食物。
And now this brain takes care over this, to move it with the muscles and to do defend the surface and, of course, digest our food we cook.
如果要给你们一个更具体的认识，那么这个独立自主的大脑，有5亿个神经细胞，一亿个神经元——这差不多是一只猫的大脑，所以我们的肚子里正睡着只小猫——自己在那里盘算着，如何最大化地利用所消化的食物。
So if we give you a specification, this brain, which is autonomous, have 500 million nerve cells, 100 million neurons — so around the size of a cat brain, so there sleeps a little cat — thinks for itself, optimizes whatever it digests.
它有20种不同的神经元。
It has 20 different neuron types.
和你能在猪脑子里发现的神经元种类一样多，而猪有一千亿个神经元。
It's got the same diversity you find actually in a pig brain, where you have 100 billion neurons.
它具有自发组成的微电路，还有各种程序在运转。
It has autonomous organized microcircuits, has these programs which run.
它感受到食物，知道应该干什么。
It senses the food; it knows exactly what to do.
它通过化学方式感受到食物，更重要的是机械的方式，因为它必须要移动这些食物，它必须把我们消化吸收所需的所有不同元素都搅和在一起。
It senses it by chemical means and very importantly by mechanical means, because it has to move the food — it has to mix all the various elements which we need for digestion.
对肌肉的控制是非常非常重要的，因为，要知道这里存在着反射作用。
This control of muscle is very, very important, because, you know, there can be reflexes.
如果你不喜欢某类食物，尤其当你还是小孩时，你会作呕。
If you don't like a food, especially if you're a child, you gag.
正是这个大脑令你作出这个反射动作的。
It's this brain which makes this reflex.