同样，《关于在刑事事项中使用恢复性司法方案的基本原则》认识到，必须考虑因不对等导致的权力失衡，以及当事各方的文化差异，也必须使犯罪者和受害人重新融入社区。
Similarly, the basic principles on the use of restorative justice programmes in criminal matters recognize the need to take into consideration disparities leading to power imbalances, as well as cultural differences among the parties, and to reintegrate both the offender and the victim into the community.
14. 人们似乎有一种共识，即刑事法律应当在解决家庭暴力问题上发挥作用。
There appears to be consensus that criminal law should play a role in addressing the problem of domestic violence.
同时，人们又认识到必须找到家庭暴力尤其是针对妇女和儿童的家庭暴力的长远解决方案。
At the same time, there is also recognition of the need for longer-term solutions to domestic violence and, in particular, violence against women and children.
家庭暴力以及受害人待遇问题应当被放到国际维护妇女儿童权益的大形势背景下去考虑。
The problem of family violence and the treatment of victims needs also to be placed in the context of international developments concerning the rights of women and children.
例如，如果根本找不到起码的住房，那么法院下达支付临时住房费用的指令并不能成为一个解决方法。
For example, court-ordered restitution to pay for alternative housing may not be an option if basic housing itself is not available.
同样，发达国家中实行的改革，如出版禁令，以及使用录像证据，也是以一定的发展水平和刑事司法服务水平为前提的，这些并非所有会员国都具备。
Similarly, reforms in the developed world such as publication bans and the use of video-taped evidence may also presume a level of development and a level of criminal justice services that may not be available in all Member States.
15. 在世界许多地区，解决对妇女儿童性暴力问题的一个方针就是对刑事实体法和刑事程序法进行改革。
Many jurisdictions have adopted a specialized approach to responding to domestic violence.
这些改革既涉及更好地保护妇女儿童的身体和性心理健康，又涉及最大程度地降低其在刑事司法程序过程中受到二次伤害的可能性。
These include police, prosecutors and legal advisers, as well as psychologists, family services and medical and victim services.
In 2002, 300,000 cases were brought to the “houses of justice”, the majority by women.
由《国际刑事法院程序和证据规则》14第70条规则得出的一个做法就是，不得以受害人沉默或不反抗而推定其同意。
One approach inspired by rule 70 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence of the International Criminal Court is to define consent as not to be inferred by the silence or lack of resistance of the victim.
国际刑事法院还规定，不承认受害人或证人出具的事前或事后性行为的证据。
The International Criminal Court also provides that no evidence of the prior and subsequent sexual conduct of the victim or witness is admissible.
在该领域及其他领域，必须在以下两方面间取得微妙的平衡，一方面是被告人在其辩护中举出相关证据的权利，另一方面是关注受害人和证人的隐私及其在刑事司法体系中受到二次伤害的可能性。
In this and other areas, a delicate balance has to be achieved between the rights of the accused to adduce relevant evidence in his or her defence and concerns about the privacy of the victim and witness and the potential for re-victimization in the criminal justice system.
性暴力方面的法律改革可能是警方接到的性侵犯案件报案量增加的原因之一。
The reform of sexual assault laws may have played a role in the increased reporting of crimes of sexual aggression to the police.
在许多国家，性暴力案件的报案量都有显著增加，有证据显示，由受害人认识的人实施的这类暴力案件的报案数量增加。
There have been significant increases in the reporting of sexual violence in many countries with some evidence of increases in the reporting of such violence by people known to the victim.
16. 保护弱势群体日益要求开展国际和地区合作，除改革刑事法律外，还要利用国际法律文件。
The protection of the vulnerable increasingly requires international and regional cooperation and the use of international instruments in addition to the reform of criminal law.
例如，《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约关于预防、禁止和惩治贩运人口特别是妇女和儿童行为的补充议定书》（大会第55/25号决议，附件二），除了呼吁各会员国将这类贩运行为规定为犯罪以外，还呼吁制定保护受害人的具体措施。
For example, the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (General Assembly resolution 55/25, annex II), in addition to calling for criminalization of such trafficking in each State party, also calls for specific measures for the protection of victims.
C. 避免过度依赖监禁
C.
Avoiding over-reliance on imprisonment
17. 发达国家与发展中国家都清醒地认识到，只有当其他判决无法实现判决的目标时才应当使用监禁手段。
There is clear recognition among developed and developing countries that imprisonment should be used only when no other sentence will accomplish the objectives of sentencing.
这被称作克制原则。
This is known as the principle of restraint.
克制原则在许多司法管辖区域都被列入法典，包括加拿大、芬兰、新西兰和大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
The principle of restraint has been codified in many jurisdictions, including Canada, Finland, New Zealand and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
这一原则也同恢复性司法的目标相一致；如果将犯罪人监禁在一个矫治机构内，那么使犯罪人与受害人重新融入社区就变得更加困难。
This principle is also consistent with restorative justice goals; reintegration of the offender with the victim and the community is more difficult while the offender is detained in a correctional facility.
18. 节约珍贵的刑事司法资源的一种方法就是确保被告人候审期间被释放（除非他们对社区构成威胁或有逃跑的危险）。
One way of conserving precious criminal justice resources is to ensure that accused persons are released while awaiting trial (unless they pose a threat to the community or represent a flight risk).
尽管如此，为审前犯人提供住宿仍是大多数司法管辖区域面临的一个问题。
Despite this, accommodating pre-trial prisoners is a problem for most jurisdictions.
《暂行刑事诉讼法草案》第140条16将规定审前拘禁的变通办法，包括家居隔离以及对犯罪嫌疑人的其他形式的社区监管。
Article 140 of the draft transitional code of criminal procedure would provide for alternatives to pre-trial detention, including house detention and other forms of community supervision of the suspect.
它还将规定，在家庭暴力案件中，应当限制犯罪嫌疑人回家。
It would also provide that restrictions on the return of the suspect to the family home may be appropriate in cases of domestic violence.