见A/CN.9/WG.V/WP.25号文件，第5条，第3段，转载于《贸易法委员会年鉴》，第二十一册：1990年（联合国出版物，出售品编号：E.91.V.6），第二部分，二，C。
See document A/CN.9/WG.V/WP.25, article 5, para. 3, reproduced in the UNCITRAL Yearbook, vol.
XXI:1990 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.91.V.6), part two, II, C.
关于《示范法》有关条款的拟订过程，见A/CN.9/331，第93-97段，转载于《贸易法委员会年鉴》，第二十一册：1990年（联合国出版物，出售品编号：E.91.V.6），第二部分，二，A；A/CN.9/343，第181-183段，转载于《贸易法委员会年鉴》，第二十二册：1991年（联合国出版物，出售品编号：E.93.V.2），第二部分，二，A；A/CN.9/371，第110段，转载于《贸易法委员会年鉴》，第二十四册：1993年（联合国出版物，出售品编号：E.94.V.16），第二部分，一，A。
For the drafting history of the relevant provisions in the Model Law, see A/CN.9/331, paras. 93-97, reproduced in the UNCITRAL Yearbook, vol.
XXI:1990 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.91.V.6), part two, II, A; A/CN.9/343, paras. 181-183, reproduced in the UNCITRAL Yearbook, vol.
XXII:1991 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.V.2), part two, II, A; and A/CN.9/371, para. 110, reproduced in the UNCITRAL Yearbook, vol.
XXIV:1993 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.94.V.16), part two, I, A.
见上文脚注4。
See above, endnote 4.
可在网上查到：http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/nafta-alena/chap10-en.asp?#SectionD。
Available at http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/nafta-alena/chap10-en.asp?#SectionD.
2003年11月21日的草案可在网上查到：http://www.ftaa-alca.org/FTAADraft03/ChapterXVIII_
The draft of 21 November 2003 is available at http://www.ftaa-alca.org/ FTAADraft03/ChapterXVIII_e.asp.
可在网上查到：http://www.apec.org/content/apec/apec_groups/committees/committee_on_trade/
Available at http://www.apec.org/content/apec/apec_groups/committees/committee_on_trade/ government_procurement.html.
例如，见世贸组织政府采购透明度问题工作组提交总理事会的报告（1998年和1999年），附件，在1998年的报告中为第27段，在1999年的报告中为第29段。
See, e.g., reports of the WTO Working Group on Transparency in Government Procurement to the General Council (1998 and 1999), annex, para. 27 in the 1998 report, and para. 29 in the 1999 report.
这两份报告均可在网上查到：http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/gproc_e/gptran_e.htm，“Annual reports”。
Both reports are available under “Annual reports” at http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/gproc_e/gptran_e.htm.
以下国家现在是《政府采购协定》缔约方：加拿大、欧洲共同体（包括25个成员国：奥地利、比利时、塞浦路斯、捷克共和国、丹麦、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、匈牙利、爱尔兰、意大利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、卢森堡、马耳他、荷兰、波兰、葡萄牙、斯洛伐克共和国、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、瑞典、联合王国）、中国香港、冰岛、以色列、日本、韩国、列支敦士登、荷属阿鲁巴、挪威、新加坡、瑞士和美国。
The following States are currently parties to the GPA: Canada, European Communities (including its 25 member States: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom), Hong Kong SAR of China, Iceland, Israel, Japan, Korea, Liechtenstein, Netherlands with respect to Aruba, Norway, Singapore, Switzerland, and United States.
以下国家正在谈判加入该协定：阿尔巴尼亚、保加利亚、格鲁吉亚、约旦、吉尔吉斯共和国、摩尔多瓦、阿曼、巴拿马和中国台北。
The following States are negotiating accession: Albania, Bulgaria, Georgia, Jordan, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Oman, Panama, and Chinese Taipei.
htm。
Information is available at http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/gproc_e/memobs_e.htm.
《北美自贸协定》成员国是加拿大、墨西哥和美国。
Information is available at http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/gproc_e/memobs_e.htm.
在世贸组织范围内，政府采购遵守透明度义务，不仅是《政府采购协定》的要求，而且也是《关贸总协定》第十.1条和《服务贸易总协定》第三.1条的要求，其结果是，保证发布与政府采购相关的措施的国家的数目并不限于《政府采购协定》的缔约国。
In the context of WTO, government procurement is subject to transparency obligations not only under the GPA but also article X.1 of GATT and article III.1 of GATS, with the result that the number of States obliging to publish measures relating to government procurement is not limited to the States parties to the GPA.
转载于《贸易法委员会年鉴》，第二十册：1989年（联合国出版物，出售品编号：E.90.V.9），第二部分，二，B。
Reproduced in the UNCITRAL Yearbook, vol.
XX:1989 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.90.V.9), part two, II, B.
例如，见《政府采购协定》附录四，其中列出了《政府采购协定》缔约国根据该协定第十九条第1款用来公布案文的出版物。
See, e.g., appendix IV to the GPA listing publications utilized by States parties to the GPA for the publication of texts under paragraph 1 of article XIX of the GPA.
例如，在澳大利亚，公共采购主要根据政府的采购政策加以规范，其中包括《英联邦采购指导方针》、《财政事务通知》和《采购指南》，后者包括各种在网站上贴出的和印刷出来的指导文件，由财政和行政管理部拟订，用以协助各机构和官员执行政府的采购政策。
For example, in Australia, public procurement is largely governed by government procurement policies, consisting of Commonwealth Procurement Guidelines, Finance Circulars and Procurement Guidance, the latter including a range of web-based and printed guidance documents developed by the Department of Finance and Administration to assist agencies and officials to implement the Government's procurement policy.
fardfars/far/01.htm#P52_10741，由总务管理局、国防部和国家航空和航天局共同印发。
See article 2.7 of the Commonwealth Procurement Guidelines (CPG), January 2005 (hereinafter the “CPG”), available at http://www.finance.gov.au/ctc/commonwealth_procurement_guide.html.
它确定了不同的程序，为采购实体提供了各种替代方法，并列出各种建议的和强制性合同条款及附带表格。
It prescribes different procedures, offers procuring entities alternative techniques and sets recommended and mandatory contract clauses and attached forms.
另见世界银行东加勒比国家组织各国采购情况评价报告，2003年4月修订，可在网上查到：http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/CARICAD/UNPAN010037.pdf。
See also the World Bank's OECS countries procurement assessment report, as revised in April 2003, available at http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/CARICAD/UNPAN010037.pdf.
在美国，根据《联邦采购条例》第1.105-1条，该法应作为《美国联邦条例法典》（联邦条例法典）第48类第1章印发。
In the United States, under FAR 1.105-1, FAR is to be issued as Chapter 1 of Title 48 of the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).
其后各章留作机构采购条例，用以执行或补充《联邦采购条例》。
Subsequent chapters are reserved for agency acquisition regulations that implement or supplement FAR.
另外，根据《联邦采购条例》第1.301(b)条，机构采购条例，“其重大影响超出本机构的内部业务程序的，或者对承包商或报价人有重大的成本或行政影响的，都必须在《联邦登记册》上发布以征求意见。”
In addition, under FAR 1.301 (b), agency acquisition regulations are required to be published for comment in the Federal Register when “they have a significant effect beyond the internal operating procedures of the agency or have a significant cost or administrative impact on contractors or offerors.”
举例来说，在澳大利亚，根据《联邦采购准则》第3条，机构首长可以下达行政指示、内部程序和业务准则，以便就包括采购在内的财政管理向机构官员提供详细的业务指导。
See, e.g., in Australia, under article 3 of the CPG, the agency chief may issue executive instructions, internal procedures and operational guidelines providing the detailed operational guidance to an agency's officials on financial management, including procurement.
在美国，根据《联邦采购条例》，采购实体的主管人行使重大的监管职能：采购实体负责人“可以下达或者批准下达实施或补充《联邦采购条例》的机构采购条例，连同《联邦采购条例》一并纳入机构政策、程序、合同条款、招标规定以及管辖订约过程的形式要求，或者以其他方式监控本机构，包括本机构的任何下属组织与承包商或潜在承包商之间的关系。
In the United States, under FAR, procuring entities' competent persons assume substantial regulatory functions: heads of procuring agencies “may issue or authorize the issuance of agency acquisition regulations that implement or supplement FAR and incorporate, together with FAR, agency policies, procedures, contract clauses, solicitation provisions, and forms that govern the contracting process or otherwise control the relationship between the agency, including any of its sub-organizations, and contractors or prospective contractors.” FAR 1.301 (a) (1); and also “may issue or authorize the issuance of internal agency guidance at any organizational level (e.g. designations and delegations of authority, assignments of responsibilities, work-flow procedures, and internal reporting requirements).” (FAR 1.301 (a) (2)).