为筹措资金，政府可实行税务减免，以鼓励私人部门投资于对实现千年发展目标有战略重要性的研究与开发领域。
To generate funds, governments could give tax breaks in order to encourage private sector investment in R&D that is of strategic importance to meeting the MDGs.
29. 国际和区域科学研究网络也是一个重要工具，可用来汇聚有限资源，开展与发展挑战有关的研究与开发。
International and regional scientific research networks are also an important instrument in the pooling of limited resources to conduct R&D relevant to development challenges.
这方面的一个成功例子是国际农业研究协商组，它集中了公私成员，支持一项在100多个国家发挥作用的16个未来收获中心，以借助尖端科学，缓解饥饿和贫困，加强人类营养和保健，保护环境。
A successful example is CGIAR, which brings together public and private members supporting a system of 16 Future Harvest Centres that work in more than 100 countries to mobilize cutting-edge science to reduce hunger and poverty, improve human nutrition and health, and protect the environment.
30. 南南网络也很重要，尤其是在交流关于最佳做法的经验方面。
South-South networks are also important, particularly in the exchange of best practices experiences.
一国开展的研究往往对同一地区的其他国家也有价值。
Research conducted in one country can often be of value to other countries in the same region.
例如，东部和中部非洲包括了布隆迪、刚果民主共和国、厄立特里亚、埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚、马达加斯加、卢旺达、苏丹、坦桑尼亚联合共和国和乌干达。
For example, the Eastern and Central African region is composed of Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Rwanda, Sudan, the United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda.
这些国家组成了东部和中部非洲加强农业研究协会(东中非农研协会)。
These countries have formed the Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA).
东中非农研协会与密歇根州立大学农业生物技术支持项目一道开展研究工作，制订了该地区农业研究优先考虑清单。
ASARECA, in conjunction with the Agricultural Biotechnology Support Project (ABSP) at Michigan State University, have conducted a study that developed a list of agricultural research priorities for the region.
31. 在发展中国家，目前有一些出色的科学技术机构，可称为高级培训中心。
In developing countries, there currently exist a number of outstanding scientific and technological institutions that can be qualified as centres of excellence.
它们形成了足够的临界质量，并有足够的基础设施，适于开展科学技术领域的研究与开发。
They form a sufficient critical mass, and have sufficient infrastructure undertaking R&D in science and technology.
许多此类机构已成为主要的知识来源以及转让和传播科学知识和信息的渠道，尤其是在新兴技术方面。
Many have become major sources of knowledge and conduits for the transfer and diffusion of scientific knowledge and information, particularly in new and emerging technologies.
迫切需要加强发展中国家这些高级培训中心之间的联络，以方便其他发展中国家的科学家和工程师共享世界级研究中心的设施。
The Genomics Working Group of the Science and Technology Task Force of the United Nations Millennium Project, has identified the ten most promising technologies for health in developing countries:
C. 加强大学与产业之间的联系
C.
Improving linkages between universities and industry
32. 大学与产业在研究与开发领域建立联系目前在发达国家已很普遍，为双方都带来了巨大好处。
Linkages between universities and industry in the conduct of R&D have become quite pronounced in the developed world, providing ample benefits to both parties.
产业能够利用大学先进的试验室、优秀的研究型科学家以及潜在的新人资源。
Industry obtains access to state-of-the-art university laboratories, talented research scientists, as well as a pool of potential recruits.
大学得到了产业的财政支助，这对它们开展工作，扩大资源是很有必要的。
Universities receive industry's financial support, necessary to conduct their work and expand their resources.
与发达国家相比，发展中国家的许多大学缺乏与产业之间这种相辅相成的联系。
In contrast with their developed counterparts, many universities in developing countries lack such mutually beneficial linkages with industry.
33. 高等教育的改进和加强，除非能同时扩大毕业生应用其技能和才华的机会，否则，很难在促进创新方面发挥充分作用。
The improvement and growth of higher education will not be fully effective at stimulating innovation unless it is also accompanied by an expansion of opportunities for graduates to apply their skills and talents.
私人部门有大量的研究与开发活动，因此，企业是对研究与开发专家的需求的主要来源。
With a significant amount of R&D activity occurring in the private sector, business enterprises serve as a primary source of demand for S&T specialists.
34. 企业通过向科学家和技术人员提供就业机会和职业发展机会，可鼓励学生进入科学和技术领域。
By providing employment opportunities and career paths for scientists and technologists, enterprises encourage students to enroll in scientific and technological fields.
随着越来越多训练有素和积极向上的学生的毕业，这一日益扩大的人力资本库必然吸引更多的企业前往有关地区，形成技术能力开发和研究与开发活动的切实和自我加强的循环。
As more students graduate with relevant skills and motivation, this growing pool of human capital will, in turn, attract more enterprises to the region, thus creating a virtuous, self-reinforcing circle of technological capacity development and R&D activity.
35. 政府应制定鼓励措施，促使私人企业，尤其是中小企业雇用大学毕业生。
Governments should create incentives for private enterprises, particularly small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) to hire university graduates.
鼓励措施可包括税务减免和对实习生的财政补贴，或支付雇用和培训新雇员的最初成本。
Incentives could include tax breaks or financial aid to support internships or offset the initial cost of hiring and training new employees.
还应鼓励企业雇用学生作为实习生或兼职研究人员，为他们以后的就业奠定基础。
Enterprises could also be encouraged to employ students as interns or part-time researchers, laying the foundation for later employment.