51． 即使是在五年期总数与1994-1998年期间相比有所增加的国家，有时也掩盖了执行死刑数量逐年下降的趋势。
Even where the five-yearly total appears to have increased, as compared with 1994-1998, this has sometimes hidden a trend towards an annual decline in executions.
因此，据报告称，在阿富汗被依法执行死刑的78人都发生在1999年、2000年和2001年，其中仅2001年就有51人，但据报告2002年和2003年没有执行死刑。
Thus, all the 78 judicial executions reported in Afghanistan occurred in the three years 1999, 2000 and 2001 and 51 of them in 2001 alone; there were no reported executions in 2002 and 2003.
总体执行死刑率保持稳定的一些国家的情况也是这样，例如，刚果民主共和国、沙特阿拉伯、苏丹、泰国和乌干达。
The same was the case in some countries where the overall execution rate appeared to be stable, for instance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Saudi Arabia, the Sudan, Thailand and Uganda.
尽管在1999年至2003年期间执行死刑的总数远远高于1994年至1998年期间，但每年的数量已从1999年的最高值98人下降到2000年的85人和2003年的65人。
Although the total number of executions in the United States was considerably higher between 1999 and 2003 than between 1994 and 1998, the annual number has declined from a peak of 98 in 1999 to 85 in 2000 and 65 in 2003.
52． 只有越南一个国家的估计执行死刑的数量在此期间有大幅和经常性增加：在五年期内记录的128次执行死刑的数量中，有64次（50%）发生在2003年，而1999年只有8次。
In only one country, Viet Nam, does the estimated number of executions appear to have increased substantially and regularly during the period: 64 (50 per cent) of the 128 executions recorded over the five-year period having taken place in 2003, compared with 8 in 1999.
因为没有正式公布的统计数字，所以无法知道这些数字是否反映真正的变化，或者只是表明可以获得更多资料而已。
Without officially published statistics being available, it is impossible to know whether these figures reflect a real change or simply better information becoming available.
53． 总的结论是，有证据表明，保留死刑的国家使用死刑的数量在下降，并且相当一部分国家使用死刑的次数相当少。
The overall conclusion is that there is evidence of a decline in the use of executions by retentionist States and that a substantial proportion of them have recourse to executions only rarely.
即使是在那些执行死刑较多的少数国家，也有迹象表明执行死刑的做法在减少。
Even in those few countries that carry out the majority of judicial executions, there are signs that the practice has decreased.
最后，有必要再一次申明，为了确保尽可能地每年公布一次关于判处死刑和执行死刑的统计数字，会员国执行经济及社会理事会第1989/64号决议所载明的建议至关重要。
Finally, it is once more necessary to state how important it is for Member States to implement the recommendation contained in Economic and Social Council resolution 1989/64 to ensure the annual, if possible, publication of statistics on sentencing and executions.
五、国际事态发展
International developments
54． 自2001年提交关于第六次调查的最新报告（E/CN.15/2001/10）以来，国际舞台又有进一步的发展。
There have been further developments in the international arena since the up-dated report on the sixth survey was presented in 2001 (E/CN.15/2001/10).
人权委员会继续年年通过决议，呼吁尚未废除死刑的各国考虑暂停死刑，以期完全废除死刑。
The Commission on Human Rights has continued annually to adopt resolutions calling upon all States that have not already abolished the death penalty to consider establishing a moratorium on executions with a view to completely abolishing the death penalty.
这些决议还呼吁那些尚未成为《公民权利和政治权利国际盟约》（大会第2200 A（XXI）号决议，附件）缔约国的国家考虑加入或批准旨在废除死刑的《公民权利和政治权利国际盟约第二项任择议定书》（大会第44/128号决议，附件），并且呼吁所有保留死刑的国家遵守落实保护死刑犯权利的保障措施，提供与判处死刑有关的公开信息。
These resolutions have also called upon all States that are parties to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (General Assembly resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex) that have not yet done so to consider acceding to or ratifying the Second Optional Protocol thereto (Assembly resolution 44/128, annex), aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, and called upon all retentionist States to abide by the safeguards guaranteeing the rights of those facing the death penalty and to make available to the public information with regard to the imposition of the death penalty.
55． 依据《公民权利和政治权利国际盟约》成立的人权委员会在继续审理涉及死刑管理问题案件，这些案件都是根据该盟约《第一项任择议定书》（大会第2200 A（XXI）号决议，附件）规定的个人控诉程序向其提交的。
The Human Rights Committee, established under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, has continued to hear cases involving the administration of capital punishment submitted to it under the individual complaints procedure laid down in the first Optional Protocol to the Covenant (General Assembly resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex).
在1999-2003年期内，委员会发现多例违反该盟约中关于确保公平和人道地对待面临刑事诉讼程序之人的规定。
Over the period 1999-2003, the Committee has found many instances where there has been a violation of one of the articles of the Covenant that are intended to ensure fair and humane treatment of persons facing criminal proceedings.
这些决定将在本报告下一节关于有关保障措施中进行说明。
These decisions are reported under the relevant safeguard in the next section of the present report.
56． 许多区域政府间组织一直在参与促进废除死刑活动。
Many regional intergovernmental organizations have been involved in promoting abolition.
欧洲委员会、欧洲联 盟、41欧安组织和非洲联盟就是这样的例子。
This is the case of the Council of Europe, the European Union, OSCE and the African Union.
欧洲委员会议会和部长理事会不仅在其自己的范围之内，而且还在其他所谓的“第三国”，42一直坚持利用通过决议、（诸如在白俄罗斯和俄罗斯联邦开展的）提高认识活动和出版物，坚决反对死刑。
The Parliamentary Assembly and the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe have continued vigorously to oppose capital punishment, not only within its own sphere, but also in other so-called “third nations” as well, through adoption of resolutions, awareness-raising activities, such as those carried out in Belarus and the Russian Federation, and publications.
除其他活动外，43欧洲联盟还支持在其他国家开展的项目，例如与菲律宾大学合作促进对脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）检测的使用，并且为仍然保留死刑的国家的议员和其他舆论制造者提供培训。
The European Union has, among other activities, supported projects in other countries, for example working with the University of the Philippines to increase the use of testing of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and has provided training for parliamentarians and other opinion-makers in States that still retain the death penalty.
欧安组织民主制度和人权办公室编写了一份关于欧安组织成员国内死刑使用情况的年度背景文件。
The Office of Democratic Institutions and Human Rights of OSCE has produced an annual background paper on the use of the death penalty in OSCE member States.
57． 非洲人权和人民权利委员会在1999年11月第二十六届常会上通过了一项决议，呼吁所有当事国考虑制定暂停死刑令。
At its 26th ordinary session, in November 1999, the African Commission on Human and People's Rights adopted a resolution that called upon all States parties to consider establishing a moratorium on the death penalty.
58． 非政府组织分别于2001年6月在法国斯特拉斯堡和2004年10月在加拿大蒙特利尔举办了第一届和第二届反对死刑世界大会。
The non-governmental organization Together against the Death Penalty organized the First World Congress against the Death Penalty in Strasbourg, France, in June 2001 and the Second World Congress against the Death Penalty in Montreal, Canada, in October 2004.
在2002年5月的罗马会议上，成立了世界反对死刑联盟，使非政府组织、律师协会、工会、地方政府和其他组织集聚一堂，共同参加普遍废除死刑运动。
In May 2002, at a meeting in Rome, the World Coalition against the Death Penalty was founded to bring together non-governmental organizations, bar associations, unions, local governments and other organizations in a campaign for the universal abolition of the death penalty.