联合国文件/第394部分 (共1000部分)

A youth gang prevention and reintegration project being developed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was also presented to show some challenging evidence of the importance and value of interventions aimed at children in gangs involved in armed conflict.

An international study on children and youth participating in organized armed violence illustrated the emerging phenomenon of conflicts between juvenile gangs involved in trafficking in drugs at the local and transnational level.

In Cambodia and Viet Nam, the House for Youth project had been expanding its supportive and training resources to street children and, increasingly, those who had been trafficked.

The last panel presented the toolkit developed by UN-Habitat and the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa, in order to disseminate best practices and transferable models for crime prevention initiatives.

Examples of training in crime prevention and regional and city-to-city exchanges, based on the experience of the Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, were also discussed, followed by examples of technical assistance involving projects for capacity-building, with particular reference to the South-South project of UNODC.

During the Workshop, the International Centre for the Prevention of Crime launched its new “Compendium of Promising Strategies and Programmes” on urban crime prevention and youth at risk, which underlined the extent to which integrated crime prevention was becoming established and embedded across all the regions, thereby reaffirming the principle of sustainability of crime prevention, as expressed in the Guidelines for the Prevention of Crime.

Several speakers stressed that strategies to deal with violence between juvenile gangs should not be limited to law-enforcement measures, but should also include the promotion of a social environment to facilitate the prevention of juvenile violence.

An example of international cooperation was the Secure Central America Plan, which included a comprehensive strategy to prevent violent urban crime committed by youth gangs and to assist youth at risk.

Several speakers analysed the concept of youth at risk and in particular stressed that, while street children, juveniles in conflict with the law and members of gangs were often regarded as a “lost cause” by public authorities, they were in fact at risk of being further marginalized and subject to sexual exploitation, human trafficking, substance abuse and HIV/AIDS.

It was also emphasized that minor acts of violence or involvement in petty offences, “uncivil behaviour” such as bullying or vandalism, were often the growing ground for involvement in more serious offending or victimization.

The importance of monitoring and long-term evaluation of crime prevention programmes in order to ensure a proper assessment of the results, especially with regard to their cost-effectiveness and sustainability, was stressed by many participants.

This included building longitudinal knowledge and evidence-based follow-up action.

Successful methods of evaluation included self-evaluation, assessment of the level of satisfaction of beneficiaries and replication of victim surveys.

Many speakers referred to restorative justice processes as a necessary component of their crime prevention strategies.

The importance of community-based crime prevention initiatives was also stressed.

In one country, elderly or disabled persons had been given the possibility to report offences from their residence and an online reporting system for minor offences had been created.

Others provided examples of crime prevention initiatives involving restructuring, refocusing and retraining of law enforcement personnel.

In particular, proximity policing had been established in several countries to bring the police closer to citizens and to promote a cooperative approach in order to reduce crime and increase feelings of security.

The Workshop on Strategies and Best Practices for Crime Prevention highlighted the strengths of crime prevention and noted that a major part of the international effort must lie with national and local authorities and communities in preventing the spread of everyday crime and violence.

There was a major role for well-planned prevention at the local level.

That presented a major challenge to which international, national, subregional and local governments must respond.

An increasing number of States were developing and applying viable, effective strategies to reduce crime and insecurity and promote community safety in urban areas and among youth at risk, in line with the United Nations crime prevention instruments, including the United Nations Millennium Declaration and the Millennium Development Goals, the Vienna Declaration on Crime and Justice and the Guidelines for the Prevention of Crime.

The Workshop recommended that Member States consider the following:

(a) Adopting and implementing the Guidelines for the Prevention of Crime and international standards and norms concerning the rights of young people;