在区域一级，作为粮食安全权的一部分，《非洲人权和人民权利宪章关于非洲妇女权利的议定书》要求各国确保妇女可以获得清洁饮用水。
At the regional level, as part of the right to food security, the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa requires States to ensure women's access to clean drinking water.
60. 经济、社会和文化权利委员会与教育权利问题特别报告员都强调，学校应当提供饮用水，并为女童提供单独的、隐蔽的、安全的卫生设施。
Both the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Special Rapporteur on the right to education have emphasized that schools should have a supply of drinking water, as well as separate, private and safe sanitation facilities for girls.
61. 可持续地获取安全饮水和适当卫生设施也是适当住房权的基本要素。
Sustainable access to safe water and adequate sanitation also constitutes a fundamental element of the right to adequate housing.
《国际人口与发展会议行动纲领》（开罗，1994年）的原则2承认，人人有权为自己和家庭获得适当的生活水准，包括足够的饮用水和卫生设施（见A/CONF.171/13，第一章，决议1，附件）。
Principle 2 of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development (Cairo, 1994) recognizes that all individuals have the right to an adequate standard of living for themselves and their families, including adequate water and sanitation (see A/CONF.171/13, chap.
此外，获取水和卫生设施是适当生活水准权的一个组成部分，也是适当住房问题特别报告员任务的一个关键要素，住房问题特别报告员强调，无法获得足够的用水对妇女和儿童而言，尤其有严重的灾难性影响。
I, resolution 1, annex).
Moreover, access to water and sanitation is a key element of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living, and the Special Rapporteur on housing emphasizes that inadequate access to water is particularly devastating for women and children.
62. 简言之，获得水和卫生设施是若干项人权（包括享有能达到的最高标准健康的权利）不可或缺的一部分。
In short, access to water and sanitation is integral to several human rights, including the right to the highest attainable standard of health.
水和环境卫生是一项人权
Water and sanitation as a human right
63. 许多国际文件、包括条约和宣言以及政府和非政府组织及许多法院判决都承认，水和环境卫生是一项人权，一项独立的权利。
The human right to water and sanitation is recognized as a self-standing right in a wide range of international documents, including treaties and declarations, as well as by governmental and non-governmental bodies and in various court decisions.
64. 虽然《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》没有明确提及对水和环境卫生的权利，但是，经济、社会和文化权利委员会认为，获得水是《公约》暗含的一项独立权利，与享有能达到的最高标准健康的权利、适当住房权和食物权密切相关。
While the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights makes no explicit reference to the right to water and sanitation, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights takes the view that water is an independent right implicit in the Covenant and closely related to the rights to the highest attainable standard of health, adequate housing and food.
65. 委员会对水权的定义是：人人能为个人和家庭生活得到充足、安全、可接受、便于汲取、价格合理的供水的权利。
The Committee defines the right to water as the right of everyone to sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible and affordable water for personal and domestic use.
它明确表示，获得适当的卫生设施是保护饮用水质量的主要机制之一，各国应逐步向农村和贫困城市地区推广安全的卫生设施。
It specifies that access to adequate sanitation constitutes one of the principal mechanisms for protecting the quality of drinking water and that States should progressively extend safe sanitation services to rural and deprived urban areas.
在阐释水权的标准内容及由此而产生的法律义务时，委员会指出，在武装冲突、紧急状态和自然灾害期间，各国的义务包括水权及国际人道主义法与水有关的各项规定。
In its elaboration of the normative content of the right to water and the legal obligations that arise from it, the Committee notes that, during armed conflicts, emergency situations and natural disasters, the obligations of States encompass the right to water, as well as those provisions of international humanitarian law relating to water.
66. 增进和保护人权小组委员会在其第2006/10号决议中确认，人人有权享有足够的饮水，以满足其基本需要；人人有权享有可接受的卫生设施，而且这种设施应考虑到卫生条件、人的尊严、公共卫生和环境保护方面的要求（见A/HRC/2/2，第二章）。
For its part, in its resolution 2006/10, the Subcommission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights confirms the right to sufficient supplies of water to meet essential needs, as well as access to acceptable sanitation facilities that take account of the requirements of hygiene, human dignity, public health and environmental protection (see A/HRC/2/2, chap.
67. 在区域一级，欧洲委员会关于《欧洲水资源宪章》（2001年）的建议第5和第9段承认，人人有权享有足够的饮水以满足基本需要。
At the regional level, the right to a sufficient quantity of water to meet basic needs is recognized by the Council of Europe in paragraphs 5 and 9 of its recommendation 14 on the European Charter on Water Resources (2001).
同样，在最近举行的首脑会议上，不结盟运动国家元首和政府首脑也在其最后文件中承认人人拥有水权。
Similarly, at their recent summit, the Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned Movement acknowledged the right to water for all in their final document.
68. 在国家一级，某些国家（如南非和乌拉圭）的宪法明确载入了水权。
At the national level, the constitutions of certain countries (for example, South Africa and Uruguay) incorporate an explicit right to water.
此外，许多司法判决都以这项人权为基础。
Moreover, a number of judicial decisions rely upon this human right.
例如，在Bon Vista Mansions居民诉南方都市地方理事会的案件中，南非高等法院裁定，切断水供应显然违反国家尊重水权的宪法义务。
Southern Metropolitan Local Council, the South African High Court found that disconnecting a water supply represented a prima facie breach of the State's constitutional duty to respect the right to water.
同样，在Subhash Kumar诉比哈尔邦的案件中，印度最高法院判定，根据《宪法》第21条，生命权是一项基本权利，它包括为充分享受生活而享有无污染用水和空气的权利。
Similarly, in Subhash Kumar v.
State of Bihar, the Indian Supreme Court held that the right to life was a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution, and it included the right of enjoyment of pollution-free water and air for full enjoyment of life.
69. 《2006年人类发展报告》强调，采用以权利为基础的办法提供安全饮水和适当卫生设施非常重要，而且，获得水是人类的基本需要，也是一项基本人权。
The Human Development Report 2006 underscores the importance of adopting a rights-based approach to the provision of safe water and adequate sanitation, and emphasizes that access to water is a basic human need as well as a fundamental human right.
根据该《报告》，水权指得到安全、可获得、价格合理的供水。
According to the report, the right to water corresponds to a secure, accessible and affordable water supply.
《报告》强调，各国政府有责任承认水权，制订有关法律，致力予以逐步落实。
The report emphasizes the responsibility of governments to recognize the right to water in enabling legislation and to work towards its progressive realization.
健康权分析框架
Right-to-health analytical framework
70. 近年来，经济、社会和文化权利委员会、世卫组织、民间社会组织、学术界和许多其他单位逐步提出了一种“拆开”或分析健康权的办法，目的在于使其更易理解、更易被实际应用于与健康有关的政策、方案和项目。
In recent years, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, WHO, civil society organizations, academics and many others have developed a way of “unpacking” or analysing the right to health with a view to making it easier to understand and apply in practice to health-related policies, programmes and projects.