船舶压载水中携带的有害生物已经在全世界造成了生态上和经济上的严重破坏，这主要是由于过去几十年间海洋贸易和海上交通的扩展所带来的结果。
Harmful organisms transported in ballast water by ships have already caused biological and economic havoc around the world, largely owing to expanded maritime trade and traffic volume over the last few decades.
在世界上很多地区，这些破坏已经带来毁灭性的影响。
The effects in many areas of the world have been devastating.
185. 目前已经有十个国家批准了2004年《控制和管理船舶压载水和沉积物国际公约》， 这些国家在全球商业船队总装载吨数中所占的份额为3.42％。
Ten States, representing 3.42 per cent of the world merchant fleet's gross shipping tonnage, have ratified the 2004 International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments.
《公约》必须得到占全球总装载吨数35％的30个国家批准之后12个月才能生效。
The Convention will enter into force 12 months after ratification by 30 States representing 35 per cent of the world tonnage.
考虑到船舶压载水中有害生物的事态严重性，海洋环境保护委员会第五十六届会议敦促尚未批准《公约》的国家尽早这么做（见国际海事组织海洋环境保护委员会第56/23号文件，第2节）。
In light of the gravity of the issue of invasive species in ships' ballast water, MEPC at its fifty-sixth session urged States that had not yet done so to ratify the Convention at the earliest opportunity (see IMO document MEPC 56/23, sect.
186. 为协助《控制和管理船舶压载水和沉积物国际公约》得到一致的实施，海洋环境保护委员会通过了有关压载水管理的附加措施指导方针，内容包括：紧急情况（G13）、《控制和管理船舶压载水和沉积物国际公约》A-4款规定下的风险评估指导方针（G7）以及在《南极洲公约》管辖地区进行压载水更换的指导方针。
To assist in the uniform implementation of the Convention, MEPC adopted Guidelines for additional measures regarding ballast water management, including emergency situations (G13); Guidelines for risk assessment under regulation A-4 of the Convention (G7); and Guidelines for ballast water exchange in the Antarctic Treaty.
这一举措将《控制和管理船舶压载水和沉积物国际公约》有关的指导方针数量增加到了14条。
This raises the number of guidelines adopted in connection with the Convention to 14.
187. 在海洋污染的科学方面专家组压载水工作组第三次会议召开后， 海洋环境保护委员会基本同意并最后批准了压载水处理产品“PureBallast”系统，并基本同意了NK压载水处理系统。
Following the third meeting of the GESAMP Ballast Waters Working Group, MEPC gave basic approval and final approval to the PureBallast system and basic approval to the NK Ballast Water Treatment System.
188. 由于按类型批准压载水管理系统的开发过程可能出现延误（见A/62/66第284段），必须将由此带来的负面后果降低到最小的程度。
In relation to the need to minimize the negative consequences caused by the possible delay in the development of type-approved ballast water management systems (see A/62/66, para.
海洋环境保护委员会决定，通过一份呼吁各国在一段时间之内暂停执行D-2标准的决议，可以缓解人们对于这种延误的忧虑。
284), MEPC decided that a resolution calling on States not to enforce the D-2 standard for a limited period of time could address the concerns about the delay.
为此，委员会指示压载水审查组进一步考虑是否通过一份海洋环境保护委员会决议，以便在研究审查组提交的压载水处理技术可用性报告之后重新审议此事。
To that end, the Committee instructed the Ballast Water Review Group to further consider the possibility of adopting an MEPC resolution, with a view to revisiting the matter after the consideration of the report of the Review Group on the availability of ballast water treatment technologies.
189. 国际海事组织与全球环境基金和联合国开发计划署结成合作伙伴，共同实施全球压载水管理项目（GloBallast），以协助发展中国家减少船舶压载水中携带的有害海洋生物和病原体，依据《控制和管理船舶压载水和沉积物国际公约》进行法律、政策和制度改革方面的能力建设。
IMO is executing the Global Ballast Water Management Project (GloBallast), in partnership with GEF and UNDP, to assist developing countries in reducing the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens in ships' ballast water and to build capacity for legal, policy and institutional reforms in line with the Ballast Water Management Convention.
2007年初，该项目第二阶段的筹备活动（全球压载水管理项目伙伴关系）实施完毕。
The preparatory activities for the second phase of this project, the GloBallast Partnerships, were completed early in 2007.
全球压载水管理项目伙伴关系的总体目标在于促进区域伙伴关系的发展，通过这些伙伴关系来采取协调一致的长期措施，尽量减少船舶压载水携带的水生外来入侵物种对于海岸与海洋生态系统、经济、人类健康和福祉造成的负面影响。
The overall objective of GloBallast Partnerships is to promote the development of regional partnerships that will implement coordinated long-term measures to minimize the adverse impacts of aquatic invasive species transferred through ships' ballast water on coastal and marine ecosystems, economy and human health and well-being.
全球环境基金理事会在2007年6月召开的会议上批准了全球压载水管理项目伙伴关系的项目建议。
At its June 2007 meeting, the GEF Council approved the project proposal for the GloBallast Partnerships.
F. 海洋噪音
Ocean noise
190. 海洋噪音及其对海洋环境构成的潜在威胁仍然是多个国际论坛的讨论议题。
A number of international forums continue to address ocean noise and the potential threat it poses to the marine environment, calling for research, monitoring and efforts to minimize the risk of adverse effects on marine living resources.
这些国际论坛还呼吁开展研究和进行监测，努力将海洋噪音对海洋生物资源造成负面影响的风险降到最低。
A number of international forums continue to address ocean noise and the potential threat it poses to the marine environment, calling for research, monitoring and efforts to minimize the risk of adverse effects on marine living resources.
191. 国际捕鲸委员会科学委员会2007年5月7日至18日在安克雷奇（美国阿拉斯加）召开的会议上重申，对于地震探查活动可能给鲸目动物带来的影响表示关切，并就地震勘探活动提出了一系列的建议，内容涉及研究的开展、地震技术的使用、地震勘探的时间和减轻损害的措施等。
The Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission, meeting in Anchorage (Alaska), United States, from 7 to 18 May 2007, reiterated its concerns about the potential impacts of seismic exploration activities on cetaceans and made a number of recommendations in connection with seismic surveys, including the conduct of research, the use of seismic technologies, the timing of surveys and mitigation measures.
委员会重申了2004年提出的有关海军训练演习的建议， 并要求国际捕鲸委员会敦促有关方面在计划进行此类演习的时候遵循这些建议。
The Committee reiterated its 2004 recommendations concerning naval training exercises and asked the Commission to call for the recommendations to be followed in planning for such exercises.
192. 在区域一级，《养护波罗的海和北海小鲸类协定》第五次缔约方会议通过了第4号决议，内容涉及噪音、船舶和其他形式的干扰可能给小鲸类动物造成的负面影响。
At the regional level, at their fifth meeting, the parties to ASCOBANS adopted resolution 4 on the adverse effects of sound, vessels and other forms of disturbance on small cetaceans, which, inter alia, requested parties and non-party range States to introduce guidelines on measures and procedures for seismic surveys.
除其他规定外，决议要求缔约方和非缔约分布区国家就地震勘探的措施和程序制定指导方针。
At the regional level, at their fifth meeting, the parties to ASCOBANS adopted resolution 4 on the adverse effects of sound, vessels and other forms of disturbance on small cetaceans, which, inter alia, requested parties and non-party range States to introduce guidelines on measures and procedures for seismic surveys.
此外，决议再次请缔约方和非缔约分布区国家与军事当局和其它有关当局一起，制定有效缓解措施，包括环境影响评估，以减少对小鲸类动物的干扰和可能的身体伤害；进一步研究船舶（尤其是高速渡轮）、捕鱼和渔业养殖业所使用的声学装置（包括威慑装置/驱鱼装置、警告装置/声波发射器和寻鱼声纳）以及采掘行业和其他产业活动（包括风力发电场）对小鲸类动物造成的影响。
In addition, the resolution reiterated the invitation to parties and non-party range States to develop, with military and other relevant authorities, effective mitigation measures, including environmental impact assessments, to reduce disturbance of and potential physical damage to small cetaceans, and to conduct further research into the effects on small cetaceans of vessels, particularly high-speed ferries; acoustic devices used by the fishing and fish-farming industries, including deterrent (scarers) and warning (pingers) devices and fish-finding sonar; and extractive and other industrial activities, including wind farms.
此外，决议还鼓励制订措施和指导方针，将这些活动对小鲸类动物的负面影响降低到最小的程度，制订和实施用以评估此类措施有效性的程序，并就高能地震勘探提交报告。
Further, the resolution invited the development of measures and guidelines to minimize any adverse effects on small cetaceans from these activities, to develop and implement procedures to assess the effectiveness of such measures and to report on high-energy seismic surveys.