103. 在Crown Aluminum Works诉其工人的1958 I LLJ 1一案中，最高法院针对支付能力这一具体问题指出，“但是，有一项原则承认没有例外情况。
In the case of Crown Aluminum Works v. their Workmen 1958 I LLJ 1, on the specific issue of capacity to pay, the Supreme Court has said “there is, however, one principle which admits of no exception.
企业如果不能向其工人支付微薄的最低工资，就无权存在。
No industry has a right to exist unless it is able to pay its workmen at least a bare minimum wage.
可能的情况是，在失业率很高的欠发达国家，无组织劳工会为了填饱肚子而出卖劳动力……雇主要使企业维持下去，就不能将雇员的工资降低到微薄生计工资或最低工资以下，如果这样做，就无权经营企业”。
It is quite likely that in the under-developed countries where unemployment prevails on a very large scale, unorganized labour may be available on starvation wages….
If an employer can not maintain his enterprise without cutting down the wages of his employees below even a bare subsistence or minimum wage, he would have no right to conduct his enterprise on such terms”.
104. 在Unichem制药有限公司诉其工人，1972 I LLJ 576、590和591一案中，最高法院提出以下意见：“在确定工资和物价补贴方面，法律立场早已明确，这就是在确定工资和物价补贴时，必须考虑到行业和地区，同时还要适当考虑到有关单位的财政能力……在修订工资结构和发放物价补贴时，行业裁定始终要考虑到给雇主的造成额外负担问题，还要弄清要求雇主承受这种负担是否合理……正如Greaves Cotton公司等诉其工人，（1964）5 SCR 362一案中所指出的，确定工资和物价补贴的原则之一是，法庭应该考虑到各地区同一行业类似工种当前的工资等级和物价补贴……”。
In M/S Unichem Laboratories Ltd. v. their Workmen, 1972 I LLJ 576, 590 and 591, the Supreme Court observed as follows: “In the fixation of wages and dearness allowance the legal position is well established that it has to be done on an industry-cum-region basis having due regard to the financial capacity of the unit under consideration… Industrial adjudication should always take into account, when revising the wage structure and granting dearness allowance, the problem of the additional burden to be imposed on the employer and ascertain whether the employer can reasonably be called upon to bear such burden….As pointed out in Greaves Cotton and Co. and others v.
Their Workmen, (1964) 5 SCR 362, one of the principles to be adopted in fixing wages and dearness allowance is that the Tribunal should take into account the wage scale and dearness allowance is that the Tribunal should take into account the wage scale and dearness allowance prevailing in comparable concerns carrying on the same industry in the region…”
105. 最低工资的组成：在Unichoyi诉喀拉拉邦，1961 - I LLJ 631一案中，最高法院解释了最低工资的构成内容，并且指出：“因此，有必要考虑到该法规定的最低工资构成内容。
Components of Minimum Wages: In Unichoyi v.
State of Kerala, 1961 - I LLJ 631, the Supreme Court explained what the components are that would make up the minimum wages and stated: “It is, therefore, necessary to consider what are the components of a minimum wage in the context of the Act.
公平工资委员会取得的证据表明，某些证人往往认为，最低工资对满足工人及其家庭的最低物质需要是必不可少的，而绝大多数证人则一致认为，最低工资也应该保证某些其他基本需要，如最低教育程度、医疗设施和其他福利设施。
The evidence led before the Committee on fair wages showed that some witnesses were inclined to take the view that the minimum wage is that wage which is essential to cover the bare physical needs of a worker and his family, whereas the overwhelming majority of witnesses agreed that a minimum wage should also provide for some other essential requirements such as a minimum of education, medical facilities and other amenities.
另外，如果认为雇主的支付能力并不很强，可以不再增加接近较低公平工资的最低工资总额，但是，这一概念的内容必须确保雇员不仅能够维持本人及其家庭的生计，而且还能保持其工作的效率。”
On the other hand, since the capacity of the employer to pay is treated as irrelevant it is but right that no addition should be made to the components of the minimum wage near the lower level of the fair wage, but the contents of this concept must ensure for the employee not only his sustenance and that of his family but must also preserve his efficiency as a worker.”
106. 行业和地区：在法国摩托车有限公司诉其工人，1962 II LLJ 744一案中，法院认为，“现在已经决定，工业法院以后再审议工资结构、物价补贴和类似的服务条件等问题时，必须执行行业加地区原则。
Industry-cum-Region: In French Motor Car Company Ltd. v. their Workmen, 1962 II LLJ 744, it was held that “it is now well settled that the principle of industry-cum-region has to be applied by industrial court, when it proceeds to consider questions like wage-structure, dearness allowance and similar conditions of service.
在执行该原则时，工业法院必须比较本地区类似工种当前的工资级别与其正在处理的工资级别，一般说来，类似工种是指与正在审议的争议工种为同一行业的工种”。
In applying that principle industrial courts have to compare wage-scales prevailing in similar concerns in the region with which it is dealing, and generally speaking, similar concerns would be those in the same line of business as the concern with respect to which the dispute is under consideration.”
107. 劳工部长常务委员会D小组委员会（1981年）建议，最低工资水平不应该低于贫困线。
Sub-committee `D' of the Standing Committee of Labour Ministers (1981) recommended that the level of minimum wage should not be below the poverty line.
国务秘书委员会的报告（1981年）也建议，最低工资水平应该使3个成人组成的家庭消费单位高于贫困线，消费篮子应该由农村地区每人每天必需2 400卡路里和城市地区每人每天必需2 100卡路里的食物以及衣服、住房、燃料、照明和教育等组成。
The Report of the Committee of Secretaries of States (1981) has also recommended that the minimum wages should be at such level as to take a family of 3 adult units of consumption above the poverty line, and the consumption basket should consist of per capita per day requirement of 2400 calories in rural areas and 2100 calories in urban areas as well as clothing, shelter, fuel, light, education, etc.
国家农村劳工委员会的报告（1991年）赞同类似于三个消费单位的概念。
The Report of the National Commission on Rural Labour (1991) endorsed a similar concept of three consumption units.
108. 中央政府薪酬委员会在确定政府雇员的最低工资时采取了不同的做法。
The Pay Commissions of the Central Government took different approaches for the determination of the Minimum Wages for government employees.
其做法如下：（一）基于需要的办法；（二）支付能力办法；（三）相关当事人办法；（四）职务评估办法；（五）生产率办法；（六）生活工资办法。
They were as follows: (i) The need based approach; (ii) Capacity to pay approach; (iii) Relative Parties approach; (iv) Job evaluation approach; (v) Productivity approach; (vi) Living wage approach.
109. 第五薪酬委员会在比较了公共部门和私营部门的雇员情况之后，还与邦政府进行了比较，委员会采取了经过修订的、相对不变的收入标准，确定中央政府薪酬最低的雇员工资为2 440卢比。
The Fifth Pay Commission after comparing public sector and private sector employees, comparisons with State Governments the commission used a modified version of the constant relative income criterion and fixed Rs. 2440/- as the salary of lowest paid employees of the lowest paid employee of the Central Government.
这意味着基本薪酬猛增了三倍多，从750卢比增至2 400卢比。
This meant more than a three-fold jump in the basic pay from Rs. 750/- to Rs. 2400.
委员会估计，这意味着每年此类雇员的额外支出共计29.41亿卢比。
The commission had estimated that this would mean an additional outgo to the tune of Rs. 2941 million every year for this category of employees.
110. 第二劳工委员会注意到，一些邦审查和修订了它们对其拥有适当管理权的计划内工种的最低工资。
The Second Labour Commission noted that a number of States have reviewed and revised minimum wages in scheduled employments for which they are the appropriate governments.
数据比较所显示的趋势令人不安。
Comparison in the data shows disturbing trends.
锡金还没有延期和执行《最低工资法》。
In Sikkim, the Minimum Wages Act is yet to be extended and enforced.
只有19个邦/中央直辖区对可变物价补贴做出了规定，作为某些或全部计划内工种的最低工资的一部分。
Only 19 States/Union territories have made provision for VDA as a part of the minimum wage for a few or all of the schedule employments.
各邦的工资各不相同。
The wages vary from State to State.
委员会对差异如此悬殊表示了关切，最后只能得出以下结论：不同的主管政府在确定最低工资时采取不同的标准。
The Commission has shown concerns over the wide disparity that one has to conclude that different appropriate Governments are following different criteria for the fixation of minimum wages.
111. 非正式部门或无组织部门的特点和性质正在发生根本变化。
The character and nature of the informal or unorganized sector are undergoing fundamental changes.