作战的另一重要问题是分遣与集中的运用问题。
Another important question concerning military operations is the dispersal and concentration of troops.
我们区分野战与军区两套的办法，以野战军集中打大仗，以军区部队分遣占地盘，消灭地方反动武装和打小仗，这就解决了一个主要的分遣与集中的问题。
Our field armies and military regions have different functions -- the field armies are concentrated in order to fight large-scale battles, while the troops from military regions are dispersed in order to occupy territory, annihilating local reactionary armed bands and fighting small-scale battles -- this is the way we will solve this major question.
敌人对我，在我大军压境时，采取放弃一切次要城市据点，免被歼灭的办法，接着调集军队，其兵力大于我时，则实行围攻，无胜利把握时，则实行盯梢，使我无喘息余地。
When the enemy is besieged by our main force, he will give up all the cities and strongholds of secondary importance to avoid being wiped out, and then begin to concentrate his forces and attack us from all sides when he outnumbers us; if he is sure of defeating us, he will pursue us, allowing us no time to rest.
所以我野战军也要善于分遣、集结（在山地就食也有时不能不分遣），分遣以分散敌人，造成敌之弱点，而后适时集结歼其一部。
Therefore, our field armies should also know when to disperse their troops and concentrate them (sometimes in the mountains they have to disperse their troops in order to eat), disperse in order to lure the enemy into spreading out his forces and weaken him, then regroup again in order to wipe out a part of the enemy forces at an opportune moment.
其要点则在明了分遣是为的集中歼敌，故分遣时要计算到比较利于集中的条件。
The most important reason behind dispersing our troops is to regroup them again and wipe out the enemy.
Therefore, dispersing presupposes conditions favourable for regrouping.
我们常常也可以主力监视敌人，而以一部出敌不意，寻求良好战机，如襄樊作战即其一例。
We could often use our main force to watch the enemy, with another part of our forces seeking favourable opportunities to launch surprise attacks against the enemy.
The battle at Xiangfan is a case in point.
军区部队的运用，也有分遣、集结问题。
Sometimes the military regions also disperse and regroup their troops.
在展开时，我们多数地区是采取比较彻底的分散掩护地方工作的办法。
In order to expand ourselves, most of our military regions disperse almost all their troops to cover local activities.
而桐柏三分区则从两个团中分散小部掩护地方工作，集中一个多团积极歼击反动武装，结果胜利最多，士气民气最好，发展最大。
The Third Sub-region of the Tongbai Military Region dispersed a small number of troops from its two regiments to protect local work, while pooling the rest to wipe out reactionary armed bands.
As a result, it gained the most victories, kept its troops and local people in the highest spirits and expanded most rapidly.
这种方式比较妥善，即在初期应以集中力量消灭敌之军事力量为原则。
This method -- concentrating forces to cut down enemy military strength in the initial stage -- is a fairly good one.
到新区（山地）的装备特别是轻炮的预为准备和调剂，也属必要。
It is also necessary for our troops to prepare and allocate equipment, light cannons, in particular, before they move into new areas (mountainous areas).
这是在新区首先接触的最大最重要的政策问题。
This is the first, the biggest, and the most important question of policy we come in contact with in the new areas.
在毫无工作基础的条件下供应大军，无论内战或抗战时期均无此种经验。
Neither during the civil war periods nor in the anti-Japanese war period did we have the experience of providing for our troops in areas where we had laid no groundwork at all.
在中原曾采用打土豪分浮财用粮食折菜金的办法，造成极大的浪费和混乱，证明不能再用。
In the Central Plains we used to parcel out the movable property expropriated of local tyrants and sell grain for money with which to buy non-staple foods for our troops, only to incur enormous waste and create utter confusion, which proved that this was impracticable.
今后不打土豪，许多东西要拿钱买，例如没有布条打草鞋，没有废纸用作办公等等，开支势必浩大，如无妥善办法，不可避免地要形成混乱。
Since we shall stop expropriating local tyrants in the future, we shall need money to buy many things.
For instance, we shall have to buy strips of cloth for making straw sandals and buy paper for handling official business.
The expenses will certainly be immense.
If we do not use appropriate methods to obtain these funds, we are bound to plunge ourselves into chaos.
必要的办法是：（１）带一部分现洋，以半年为期，每月以每人两元计算，可解决菜金、黄烟及草鞋。
The methods which we need to adopt are as follows: ) Carry some silver dollars and give each of our men two dollars every month for half a year to cover the cost of non-staple foods, tobacco and straw sandals.
其缺点是币价无法固定，小商人吃亏，好处是可以应急，在困难时不致过于混乱。
One drawback is that the money's value cannot be kept stable and small merchants will be hurt; one advantage is that it can meet our urgent needs and prevent chaos in hard times.
发行办法则应作精密研究，票纸印刷避免粗糙。
The methods for issuing the money should be studied carefully, and the paper money should not be crudely printed.
（３）维持城市税收，照旧章程驻一天收一天税，同时适当地向商会筹款。
) Continue urban taxation, as long as our troops are stationed in a given city, using the existing rates and regulations, and collect an appropriate amount of funds from chambers of commerce.
（５）粮食在不能实行合理负担以前采取征借办法，可以利用保甲征借。
) Borrow grain from households, possibly through the bao-jia system before a reasonable distribution of burdens can be implemented.
但保甲对我必取应付态度，故我应有比较健全的粮食机关随军工作。
As the bao and jia will surely not work wholeheartedly for us, within the army we should have a relatively stable unit in charge of procuring grain.
（６）缴获粮款全部归公，可以解决一些问题。
) Turn in all grain and money captured from the enemy, which may help solve some of our problems.
（７）因此，随军的行政机构必须健全，可用战地行政委员会名称，全盘负责管理征借粮食，税收，筹款，接管城市，接收和处置缴获品，必要的没收，银行兑换所诸事宜，军队的供给部门亦归其管辖。
) Therefore, army administrative organs, which may be called field administrative committees, must be well-formed, shouldering full responsibility for requisitioning and borrowing grain, collecting taxes and raising funds, taking over cities, controlling and handling captured goods, conducting any confiscations necessary, handling currency conversion and other business, as well as administering the supply departments of the army.
战地行政委员会在纵队设分会，旅、团设办事处。
The field administrative committees are to have sub-committees in army columns and offices in brigades and regiments.