同时，中央局在三月下半月开了统战工作会议，四月下半月开了第二次城市工作会议，两个会议的总结另有专门报告，不在这里叙述。
In the second half of March, the Southwest Bureau of the Central Committee held a meeting on united front work and, in the second half of April, held the second meeting on urban work.
I shall not dwell on those two meetings, since we have submitted separate summary reports on them.
西南的“淮海战役”，即清匪反霸减租退押运动，去年七月着手准备，十一月全面展开，到今年四月中旬为止，已在二百零八个县、七个市郊，六千六百六十余万人口，即占全区人口百分之八十三的地区，宣告胜利结束。
Last July we began preparing for the “Huai-Hai Campaign” in southwest China, namely, the movement to eliminate bandits, oppose local despots, reduce rent rates and make landlords return tenants' security money.
The movement was in full swing by last November and successfully ended in mid-April this year in 208 counties and the suburbs of seven cities, involving a population of over 66.6 million, or 83 per cent of the total of southwest China.
只有云南大部，贵州二十个县，川西、西康的少数民族地区，尚未进行或不应进行，云南二百万人口的地区正在进行。
Except for a small part of Yunnan with a population of two million, the movement has not been or should not be conducted in the rest of the province, 20 counties in Guizhou, and areas inhabited by minority nationalities in western Sichuan and Xikang.
这个运动规模较大，斗争异常剧烈。
The movement is large in scale and the struggle is exceptionally fierce.
预计全区可得减租退押和惩治不法地主的果实七十七亿斤米，已经到手的约六十五亿斤米（实际上要多），其中又以川东可得二十五亿斤已得约二十二亿斤为最多，川西可得十五亿斤已得十二亿斤次之。
It is estimated that we can bring in 3,850 million tons of rice from the reduction of rent rates, return of security money and punishment of law-breaking landlords, of which we have already collected about 3,250 million tons (actually a little more).
The most outstanding successes are in eastern Sichuan, where it is estimated that we can receive 1,250 million tons of rice and we already have 1,100 million, and in western Sichuan, where we expect the total to be 750,000 tons of rice of which 600,000 tons is already in our hands.
全区农民协会会员已发展到二千万余人，占人口百分之二十八，人民武装已发展到二百二十四万余人，占人口百分之三。
More than 20 million people in the area, or 28 per cent of the whole population of southwest China, have joined peasant associations.
There are more than 2.24 million, or three per cent of the area's population, in the people's armed forces.
更重要的是出现了大批农民积极分子。
More important is the fact that large numbers of peasant activists have come forward.
特别在运动后期，明确了发动贫雇农方针，从退押和惩治不法地主中，适当满足了贫雇农的经济要求，并随着运动的深入，在贫雇农积极动员起来的基础上，一步一步地改造了农会领导成分和农村政权。
In the later stage of the movement in particular, we made clear our policy of mobilizing the poor peasants and farm labourers, and satisfactorily met their economic needs by returning them the security money reimbursed by landlords and by expropriating law-breaking landlords.
As the movement deepened, the poor peasants and farm labourers were mobilized, which provided the basis for systematically transforming the composition of the leadership of peasant associations and organs of political power in the rural areas.
总起来看，农民是真正翻身了，农村出现了崭新的气象，下乡的民主人士一致认为这是历史奇迹，异口同声地说城市落后了。
Looking at the situation as a whole, we can say the peasants have really been emancipated and a new atmosphere is prevailing in the countryside.
Democrats who have been to the rural areas regard all this as a historic miracle and believe that cities lag behind the countryside.
在“淮海战役”的基础上，我们又在今年二、三、四月进行而且完成了第一期分配土地的工作。
While the “Huai-Hai Campaign” was going on, we conducted the first phase of land distribution between February and April of this year
第一期土改范围为十八个县又十二个区和一百五十八个乡及重庆、万县、南充三个市郊区，共一千三百五十一万余人口的地区。
in 18 counties, 12 districts, 158 townships and the suburbs of Chongqing, Wanxian and Nanchong, involving a total population of 13.51 million.
各地土改都是结合复查反霸退押，惩治不法地主，发动贫雇农，进一步改造农会领导和镇压反革命等内容进行的。
While carrying out agrarian reform in all those localities, we re-examined our work in connection with expropriating local despots, obtaining the return of security money, punishing law-breaking landlords, arousing poor peasants and farm labourers, further transforming the composition of the leadership of peasant associations and suppressing counter-revolutionaries.
（所有这些都很好，都值得庆贺，一切尚未做到这一步的地方，都应这样做。
(^+1Mao Zedong's comment: Well done and congratulations!
In places where this work has not gone as far, people there should follow this example.)
地主顽强抵抗，放火、放毒，杀积极分子，搞暴动等等事件比过去多得多，斗争异常激烈。
Many more cases of landlords stubbornly resisting the reform, committing arson, poisoning food and water, murdering activists and inciting riots have occurred than in the past, so the struggle was unusually severe.
那种认为经过清匪反霸减租退押就可以和平土改的想法，已为事实所粉碎。
This has smashed the illusion that agrarian reform can be carried out peacefully following the campaign to eliminate banditry, expropriate local despots, reduce rent rates and obtain the return of security money.
经验证明，土改必须在贫雇农发动起来的基础上去进行，才不致煮夹生饭。
Experience has shown that agrarian reform cannot be thorough unless the poor peasants and farm labourers are fully mobilized.
我们决定，必须从退押特别是从惩治不法地主的斗争中，一方面进一步搞坍封建，一方面使贫雇农得到适当的经济利益，从而发动贫雇农，改造农会领导成分。
We have decided that in the struggle to obtain the return of security money and especially in punishing law-breaking landlords, one aim is to further weaken the feudal forces, and the other is to make sure the poor peasants and farm labourers receive appropriate economic benefit so as to mobilize them and transform the composition of the leadership of peasant associations.
不少地区贫雇农获得了每人一百斤米左右的果实，有的地方相当于中农所得的果实，多数乡村贫雇农取得了农会的主要领导地位。
As a result, in many localities poor peasants and farm labourers received about 50 kg. of rice apiece and in others the amount they received per person was equal to the amount middle peasants reaped from production.
In most villages poor peasants and farm labourers secured the leading posts in peasant associations,
所以，凡属完成了土改的地方，农村基础更加强固，煮夹生饭的比重不大。
so in areas where agrarian reform has been completed, solid groundwork has been laid and the reform has been carried out thoroughly in most of them.
在以后进行土改的地方，都必须体会这个经验，坚持复查减租退押，惩治不法地主，适当满足贫雇农要求，改造农会和乡村政权的领导成分这个明确的方针。
Comrades in areas where the reform is still to be carried out should draw on this experience and adhere to the explicit policy of re-examining work in connection with reducing rent rates, obtaining the return of security money, punishing law-breaking landlords, properly meeting the needs of poor peasants and farm labourers and transforming the composition of the leadership of peasant associations and of government in rural areas.
经验证明，不镇压反革命，封建势力不会低头，贫雇农不敢起来，退押、土改也不会这样顺利完成。
Experience has also shown that if we had not suppressed counter-revolutionaries, the feudal forces would not have bowed to us, the poor peasants and farm labourers would not have dared to rise up, and the return of security money and agrarian reform could not have been completed so smoothly.
（所有这些都是正确的，各地都应这样做。
(^+1Mao's comment: All this is correct and should be heeded by people in all other localities.)
关于镇反问题已作了几次报告，最近情形，周兴同志到京面陈。
We have submitted reports to the Central Committee on the suppression of counter-revolutionaries, and Comrade Zhou Xing will go to Beijing to report on the latest developments in this regard.
总的说来成绩很大，做得很对，但在镇反和惩治不法地主两个问题上，有些地方发生了控制不严的毛病。
Overall, we have done a good job and achieved a great deal.
But during the movement to suppress counter-revolutionaries and punish law-breaking landlords, control tended to weaken in some localities.