没有知识，没有人才，怎么上得去？
Without them, how can we develop our science and technology?
现在看来，同发达国家相比，我们的科学技术和教育整整落后了二十年。
Now it appears that China is fully 20 years behind the developed countries in science, technology and education.
科研人员美国有一百二十万，苏联九十万，我们只有二十多万，还包括老弱病残，真正顶用的不很多。
So far as scientific research personnel are concerned, the United States has 1,200,000 and the Soviet Union 900,000, while we have only some 200,000.
The figure for China includes the old, the weak, the sick and the disabled.
There are not too many who are really competent and can work regularly.
日本人从明治维新就开始注意科技，注意教育，花了很大力量。
As early as the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese began to expend a great deal of effort on science, technology and education.
明治维新是新兴资产阶级干的现代化，我们是无产阶级，应该也可能干得比他们好。
The Meiji Restoration was a kind of modernization drive undertaken by the emerging Japanese bourgeoisie.
As proletarians, we should, and can, do better.
我希望从现在开始做起，五年小见成效，十年中见成效，十五年二十年大见成效。
I hope that we will set about this task now so that we will see initial results within five years, further results within 10 years, and major results within 15 to 20 years.
办教育要两条腿走路，既注意普及，又注意提高。
To improve education, we must walk on two legs, that is, we must raise the standards of education at the same time as we make it available to more and more people.
要经过严格考试，把最优秀的人集中在重点中学和大学。
It is necessary to bring together, through stiff examinations, the outstanding people in the key secondary schools and the key colleges and universities.
要从科技系统中挑选出几千名尖子人才。
We should select several thousand of our most qualified personnel from within the scientific and technological establishment
这些人挑选出来之后，就为他们创造条件，让他们专心致志地做研究工作。
and create conditions that will allow them to devote their undivided attention to research.
现在有的人家里有老人孩子，一个月工资几十元，很多时间用于料理生活，晚上找个安静地方读书都办不到，这怎么行呢？
Some now have their children and aged parents living with them, earn well under 100 yuan a month, and must spend a lot of time doing housework.
They can't even find a quiet place to read in the evening.
How can this state of affairs be allowed to continue?
对这些人的政治要求要适当。
The political requirements set for these people must be appropriate:
他们在政治上要爱国，爱社会主义，接受党的领导。
they should love the motherland, love socialism and accept the leadership of the Party.
他们做好研究工作，出了成果，就对政治有利，对中华人民共和国有好处。
If they do their research work well and achieve results, that will be helpful politically and will benefit China.
一定要在党内造成一种空气：尊重知识，尊重人才。
We must create within the Party an atmosphere of respect for knowledge and respect for trained personnel.
要反对不尊重知识分子的错误思想。
The erroneous attitude of not respecting intellectuals must be opposed.
发达的资本主义国家有许多工人的工作就是按电钮，一站好几小时，这既是紧张的、聚精会神的脑力劳动，也是辛苦的体力劳动。
In developed capitalist countries, the job of a good number of workers is just to stand and press buttons for hours on end.
This is intense and concentrated mental labour as well as toilsome manual labour.
要重视知识，重视从事脑力劳动的人，要承认这些人是劳动者。
Great importance should be attached to knowledge and to those who engage in mental labour, and they should be recognized as workers.
在军队中，科研和教育也要一起抓，进行现代战争没有现代战争知识怎么行？
In the army as well, it is necessary to encourage scientific research and education at the same time.
Without knowledge of modern warfare, how can we fight a modern war?”
要办各级学校，经过训练，使军队领导干部掌握现代科学文化知识和现代战争知识；同时使我们的部队干部年轻化。
We should establish schools at various levels to enable leading army cadres to master modern science, culture and modern warfare in the course of training.
At the same time, we should lower the average age of our army cadre corps.
六十岁的人当军长是不行的。
Sixty-year-olds should not be serving as commanders at the army level.
大的企业都要有科学技术研究机构，有科学技术研究人员。
Large enterprises should all have their own scientific and technological research organs and personnel.