那个时候我们党的主席是华国锋同志，我是以老战士身份同铁托同志见面的，我们谈得很好，达成了共同的谅解，就是过去的事情都不谈了，一切向前看。
At that time our Party Chairman was Comrade Hua Guofeng.I met with Comrade Tito just as an old soldier.
We had a cordial talk and agreed to forget the past and look to the future.
现在，我们同东欧其他各国的党和国家的关系也是采取这个态度，把今天当作新的起点，好好地发展我们之间的友好合作关系。
This is the attitude we adopted when we resumed relations with other East European parties and countries; we take the present as a fresh starting point from which to develop friendly, cooperative relations.
至于过去的经验，也值得总结一下。
Of course, it's still worthwhile to analyse events of the past.
我想有一点最重要，就是任何大党、中党、小党，都要相互尊重对方的选择和经验，对别的党、别的国家的事情不应该随便指手画脚。
But I think the most important thing is that each party, whether it is big, small or medium, should respect the experience of the others and the choices they have made and refrain from criticizing the way the other parties and countries conduct their affairs.
比如法国党和意大利党，过去我们同他们谈的也是这个问题，就是应该尊重他们的经验，尊重他们的选择。
When we had talks with representatives of the Communist parties of France and Italy, we expressed this view that we should respect their experience and their choices.
如果他们犯了错误，由他们自己去纠正。
If they have made mistakes, it is up to them to correct them.
同样，他们对我们也应该如此，允许我们犯错误，有了错误以后，由我们自己来纠正。
Likewise, they should take the same attitude towards us, allowing us to make mistakes and correct them.
因为每一个国家、每一个党都有自己的经历，情况千差万别。
Every country and every party has its own experience, which differs from that of the others in a thousand and one ways.
我们反对“老子党”，这一点我们是反对得对了。
We were opposed to the idea of a "patriarchal party", and our stand on that question has been proved correct.
我们也不赞成有什么“中心”。
We were also opposed to the notion of a "centre".
但我们自己也犯了点随便指手画脚的错误。
Unfortunately, we ourselves have been guilty of criticizing other parties.
这个经验告诉我们，党与党之间要建立新型的关系，因此我们提出了处理这种关系的原则。
That experience taught us that relations of a new type should be established between parties, and we therefore formulated a principle to govern such relations.
我相信，按照这样的原则来做，会使我们之间友谊和合作的基础更加牢固，更加持久，两党和两国关系在这个基础上不断得到发展。
I believe that if we abide by it, our friendship and cooperation will have a more solid and enduring foundation and that relations between the two parties and two countries will steadily improve.
我是主张改革的，不改革就没有出路，旧的那一套经过几十年的实践证明是不成功的。
I am all in favour of that.
There is no other solution for us.
After several decades of practice it turned out that the old ways didn't work.
过去我们搬用别国的模式，结果阻碍了生产力的发展，在思想上导致僵化，妨碍人民和基层积极性的发挥。
We used to copy foreign models mechanically, which only hampered the development of our productive forces, induced ideological rigidity and kept the people and grass-roots units from taking any initiative.
我们还有其他错误，例如“大跃进”和“文化大革命”，这不是搬用别国模式的问题。
We made some mistakes of our own as well, such as the Great Leap Forward and the "cultural revolution", which were our own inventions.
可以说，从一九五七年开始我们的主要错误是“左”，“文大革命”是极左。
I would say that since 1957 our major mistakes have been "Left" ones.
The "cultural revolution" was an ultra-Left mistake.
中国社会从一九五八年到一九七八年二十年时间，实际上处于停滞和徘徊的状态，国家的经济和人民的生活没有得到多大的发展和提高。
In fact, during the 20 years from 1958 through 1978, China was hesitating, virtually at a standstill.
There was little economic growth and not much of a rise in the standard of living.
这种情况不改革行吗？
How could we go on like that without introducing reforms?
So in 1978, at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, we formulated a new basic political line: to give first priority to the drive for modernization and strive to develop the productive forces.
所以，从一九七八年我们党的十一届三中全会开始，确定了我们的根本政治路线，把四个现代化建设，努力发展社会生产力，作为压倒一切的中心任务。
How could we go on like that without introducing reforms?
So in 1978, at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, we formulated a new basic political line: to give first priority to the drive for modernization and strive to develop the productive forces.
在这个基础上制定了一系列新的方针政策，主要是改革和开放政策。
In accordance with that line, we drew up a series of new principles and policies, the major ones being reform and the open policy.
改革是全面的改革，包括经济体制改革、政治体制改革和相应的其他各个领域的改革。
By reform we mean something comprehensive, including reform of both the economic structure and the political structure and corresponding changes in all other areas.
开放是对世界所有国家开放，对各种类型的国家开放。
By the open policy we mean opening to all other countries, irrespective of their social systems.
我们的改革和开放是从经济方面开始的，首先又是从农村开始的。
We introduced reform and the open policy first in the economic sphere, beginning with the countryside.