一、根据地建设的规律。
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The Laws Governing the Establishment of Base Areas.
在讨论中有同志提到根据地建设的规律性问题，这个问题在彭德怀同志的小册子中已经回答了。
In the course of discussion some comrades raised a question about the laws governing the establishment of base areas.
Comrade Peng Dehuai has answered this question in his pamphlet.
一个革命根据地除了必须具备的地理、敌情、时机等条件外，其本身必须具备着革命的武装、政权、群众组织和党等四种力量。
For establishing a revolutionary base area, besides considering the proper geographical conditions, the enemy's situation and timing, there must also be the necessary revolutionary armed forces, political power, and mass and Party organizations.
彭德怀同志说：“革命根据地的巩固不巩固、健全不健全，就决定于上述四种组织的巩固不巩固、健全不健全。”
Comrade Peng Dehuai said, “Whether a revolutionary base area is consolidated and sound depends on whether there four types of organizations there are consolidated and sound.”
这四种革命力量是缺一不可的，缺了一种都不能形成革命根据地。
None of these four revolutionary forces can be dispensed with if a revolutionary base area is to be established.
这四种力量又是互相配合的，任何一部分不得力都会影响到其他部分，互相配合不好也会使根据地受到损害。
The four forces are co-ordinated; if one of them is not strong enough, the rest will be affected.
Poor co-ordination will also harm the base area.
有人会问：根据地的创立是先有武装还是先有党和群众运动呢？
Some people may ask: In establishing a base area which of the four should be present first, armed forces or Party organizations and mass movements?
实际上，有的地方是先有党和群众运动，实行农民暴动，自己创造武装和政权，形成根据地，然后又用这个武装和政权的力量去扩大根据地，创造新的根据地。
In practice, in some places Party organizations and mass movements appeared first, inciting the peasants to rise in rebellion, form their own armed forces and political power and build base areas, and then use their armed forces and political power to expand the base areas and build new ones.
有的地方则是先有了革命武装，以武装力量打开局面，建立党、政权和群众组织，形成根据地。
In other places revolutionary armed forces appeared first, opening up opportunities for establishing Party organizations, political power and mass organizations before building the base areas.
但是，不管哪个在先，只有在上述四种革命力量形成起来的时候，才有革命根据地。
Both cases go to show that no revolutionary base areas can be established in the absence of these four revolutionary forces.
有人会问：这四种革命力量哪种更重要，哪种是中心环节呢？
Others may ask: Which of these four revolutionary forces is the most important, the key link?
实际上，这四种力量既然是缺一不可的，所以是同等重要的。
Since none of the four is dispensable, they are equally important.
假设一定要定个先后的话，则应根据中国革命的特点、战争的特点，将武装放在第一位。
If we must arrange them in order of importance, then the armed forces should come first, as determined by the characteristics of the Chinese revolution and war.
但必须懂得，只有武装，没有党、政权和群众力量，武装斗争便不能支持而会走向失败，历史上有些区域由于单纯军事观点而失败的例子，证明了这点。
However, it must be understood that without the Party, political power and the masses, an armed struggle cannot be sustained and will ultimately fail.
This has been demonstrated by past armed struggles in some places that failed because of a purely military viewpoint.
只有群众运动或坚强的政权工作，而没有坚强的足够的武装，或军事路线发生错误，也会使根据地失败，党政工作群众工作垮台，第五次反“围剿”失败后退出中央苏区的例子，证明了这点。
Likewise, if we have only mass movements of strong political power but have no sufficient, powerful armed forces, or if we follow an erroneous military line, the base areas will suffer defeat and the work of the Party and government and among the masses will collapse, as was demonstrated by the Red Army's withdrawal from the Central Soviet Area after failing to break the Kuomintang's fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign.
没有坚强的政权工作，财经建设、除奸司法等工作无成绩，不仅不能建立根据地的秩序，而且要影响到军需民食，这样也会影响到根据地的巩固与坚持，太行区一九三九年的例子可以证明这点。
If our political power is not strong enough and little is achieved in building financial and economic systems, eliminating traitors and administering justice, then it will be impossible for us to maintain order in the base areas, meet the needs of our troops and people, and consolidate and hold the base areas, as was borne out by the situation in the Taihang area in 1939.
最后，没有坚强的党的领导和党的组织基础，没有党的一元化的领导，党的领导不贯彻于武装、政权、群众组织等各系统中，党的领导发生错误，都要影响到根据地的建设、巩固与坚持，许多例子证明了这点。
Finally, if we have no strong Party leadership and Party organizations and no unified Party leadership, and if the Party does not exercise leadership over the armed forces, political power and mass organizations, or if the Party makes mistakes in leadership, then the establishment, consolidation and maintenance of base areas will be adversely affected.
Instances of this are numerous.
所以说，哪种力量最重要最中心的提法是不对的。
So, it can be seen that the question of which of the four forces is the most important, the key link, is irrelevant.
但是，是否我们应该在任何时间任何条件下，都同等地去注意这些工作呢？
Does this mean that at all times and under all circumstances we should pay equal attention to these forces?
党的指导要依据于当时当地的情形，提出当时注意的中心。
The Party should determine where to focus its attention in the light of the prevailing situation at a given time and place.
如政权工作薄弱就加强政权工作，群众工作薄弱就加强群众工作。
If the work of the political power is weak, we shall intensify our efforts there, and if work among the masses constitutes a weak link, we shall concentrate our efforts there.
当然，在加强这一工作时，要有其他几种力量的配合。
Of course, this should be co-ordinated with work in other areas.
例如，在华北的开辟阶段，与历史上的前例又有其不同特点，首先抓住以强大的八路军的力量打开局面为中心，接着把中心放在建立政权，自上而下地建立、发展党和群众组织，建设财政经济，建立社会秩序。
For instance, our work at the initial state in north China had certain different characteristics compared with what we had done previous to this.
We concentrated first on making a breakthrough with the help of the gigantic forces of the Eighth Route Army, then on establishing political power, establishing and expanding Party and mass organizations from the top down, building financial and economic systems and securing public order.
这样就抓住了规律性，因而获得了伟大成绩。
Our tremendous achievements show that we understood the laws in this regard.