第一点，关于形势和改革。
First, about the general situation and the reform.
大家都看到，十一届三中全会以来的将近七年，是建国以来最好的、关键性的时期之一。
As is clear to everyone, the period of almost seven years since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee has been a crucial one and one of the best since the founding of the People's Republic.
我们主要做了两件事，一是拨乱反正，二是全面改革。
We have done mainly two things: we have set wrong things right, and we have launched the comprehensive reform.
多少年来我们吃了一个大亏，社会主义改造基本完成了，还是“以阶级斗争为纲”，忽视发展生产力。
For many years we suffered badly from one major error: after the socialist transformation of the ownership of the means of production had been basically accomplished, we still took class struggle as the key link and neglected to develop the productive forces.
“文化大革命”更走到了极端。
The ``cultural revolution'' carried this tendency to the extreme.
十一届三中全会以来，全党把工作重点转移到社会主义现代化建设上来，在坚持四项基本原则的基础上，集中力量发展社会生产力。
Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the Party has shifted the focus of all its work to the drive for socialist modernization and, while adhering to the Four Cardinal Principles, has concentrated on developing the productive forces.
这是最根本的拨乱反正。
That was the most important thing we did to set things right.
不彻底纠正“左”的错误，坚决转移工作重点，就不会有今天的好形势。
The good situation we have today would not have come about if we had not thoroughly corrected the ``Left'' mistakes and resolutely shifted the focus of our work.
同样，不认真坚持四项基本原则，就不能保持安定团结的局面，还会把纠“左”变成“纠正”社会主义和马列主义，也不会有今天的好形势。
At the same time, if we had not conscientiously adhered to the four principles, we would not have been able to maintain political stability and unity, and we would even have gone from correcting ``Left'' mistakes to ``correcting'' socialism and Marxism-Leninism.
And then the good situation we have today would not have come about either.
改革的问题，十一届三中全会也已经提出来了。
The issue of reform was already raised at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee.
改革从农村开始，一度议论纷纷。
When the reform first started in the countryside, people said all sorts of things about it.
经过三年，解决了许多实践中出现的新问题，取得成效，认识也就比较一致了。
But after three years, when many problems that had arisen in practice had been solved and good results had been achieved, there was more agreement about it.
十二届三中全会以后，改革的重点转移到城市。
Since the Third Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee, reform has focused on the cities.
在多年酝酿和农村改革成功的基础上，经济体制的全面改革逐步展开。
After years of preparation, and on the basis of the success of the reform in the rural areas, we have gradually undertaken a comprehensive reform of the economic structure.
改革促进了生产力的发展，引起了经济生活、社会生活、工作方式和精神状态的一系列深刻变化。
The reform has stimulated the development of the productive forces and has resulted in a series of profound changes in economic life, social life, people's work style and their mentality.
改革是社会主义制度的自我完善，在一定的范围内也发生了某种程度的革命性变革。
This reform is part of the self-perfecting process of the socialist system, and in certain areas and to a certain extent it is also a revolutionary change.
在改革中，我们始终坚持两条根本原则，一是以社会主义公有制经济为主体，一是共同富裕。
In the reform we have consistently followed two fundamental principles.One is the predominance of the socialist public sector of the economy; the other is common prosperity.
有计划地利用外资，发展一部分个体经济，都是服从于发展社会主义经济这个总要求的。
The utilization of foreign investment capital in a planned way and the promotion of a degree of individual economy are both serving the development of the socialist economy as a whole.
鼓励一部分地区、一部分人先富裕起来，也正是为了带动越来越多的人富裕起来，达到共同富裕的目的。
It is precisely for the purpose of enabling more and more people to become prosperous until all are prosperous that some areas and some people are encouraged to do so first.
总的说来，除了个别例外，全国人民的生活，都有了不同程度的改善。
The living standards of the people, with a few exceptions, have improved to varying degrees.
当然，在改革过程中，难免带来某些消极的东西。
Naturally, some negative phenomena are bound to appear in the process of reform.
只要我们正视这些东西，采取针对性的坚决步骤，问题是不难解决的。
As long as we face them squarely and take firm steps to deal with them, it will not be difficult to solve these problems.
在中国共产党全国代表会议上的讲话
SPEECH AT THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA
我国经济体制的全面改革刚刚起步，总的方向、原则有了，具体章法还要在试验中一步步立起来。
The all-round reform of our economic structure has just begun.
The general orientation and principles are already established, but we still have to work out specific rules and regulations by trial and error.