总的估计是，普及教育和扫除文盲的情况很好，勤工俭学劲头很大，职业中学发展很快。
On the whole, efforts to make education universal and eliminate illiteracy are proceeding well, the work-study programme is being carried out vigorously and vocational secondary schools are developing rapidly.
这些都是前几年所没有的好现象，现在应该注意总结经验，适当地调整和解决已经出现的新问题。
These are all good things which have only come about in the past few years.
We should now review our experience, make appropriate adjustment and solve the problems which have arisen.
目前教育方面要解决的问题，主要是普及与提高的问题。
Making education universal and raising educational standards are the main issues needing to be addressed in the field of education.
我们的方针是，一要普及，二要提高，两者不能偏废。
Our policy in this regard is that education should be made universal and educational standards raised and that we should not overemphasize one to the neglect of the other.
只普及不提高，科学文化不能很快进步；只提高不普及，也不能适应国家各方面的需要。
If we only make education universal without raising educational standards, our science and culture cannot progress rapidly.
If we only raise the standards of education without making it universal, the needs of the country in various spheres cannot be met.
教育普及了，群众的科学文化水平提高了，发明创造就会多起来。
When education has been made universal and when the cultural and scientific level of the masses has been raised, there will be more inventions and innovations.
我们在任何时候都要坚持“两条腿走路”，做到在普及基础上的提高和在提高指导下的普及。
We should adhere to the principle of “walking on two legs” at all times, raising the standards of education on the basis of making education universal, and making education universal under the guidance of the raising of standards.
任何时候都不要忽略职业中学的教学质量问题。
Under no circumstances should we neglect the quality of instruction at vocational secondary schools.
职业中学如果只有现在这几门课，是不可能提高的。
It is impossible for vocational secondary schools to raise their standards of education if they still offer such a small range of courses.
现在已经建立起来的各类学校，都不能降低教学质量。
Schools of all types which have already been built should not lower the quality of their instruction.
提高教学质量，涉及一个学生人数的问题。
Improving the quality of instruction is related to the number of students.
学校应该挖掘教学潜力，多招学生，但是不要因此而降低教学质量。
Schools should make fullest use of instructional facilities to enroll more students, but the quality of instruction should not be lowered as a result.
学生人数多，又能保证质量的，才是好学校。
Schools which can both enroll more students and ensure the quality of instruction are the successful ones.
由此联系到勤工俭学，也要注意这个问题。
In carrying out the work-study programme, we should pay attention to the same things.
《工作方法六十条》对勤工俭学的提法很慎重，认为开展勤工俭学是有范围的，并不是不加区别地一律都搞。
The wording concerning work-study programme in the Sixty Articles on Working Methods is a careful one.
According to the Articles, the work-study programme should not be implemented in all schools
除了对中等技术学校和技工学校提出要做到自给或者半自给、学生实行半工半读以外，对其他学校都没有提出这样的要求，只要求学生参加劳动。
and only vocational secondary and technical schools are required to be self-supporting or partly self-supporting with their students participating in the work-study programme.
The other schools are not required to do so.
Only the students in these schools are required to take part in manual labour.
一般学校要给学生参加劳动的机会。
Other schools should provide students with the opportunity to do manual labour.
学生参加劳动，一是必须，二要适当，三看可能。
In considering this question, one must keep the three things in mind.
First, it is essential for students to take part in labour.
Second, the amount of labor should be appropriate.
Third, the students are capable of doing labour.
普通中学可以根据现有的条件搞一些小农场、小作坊，学生轮流参加生产，或者到农村参加义务劳动。
Secondary schools may, according to their current conditions, build small farms or small workshops where students can take turns working or have their students go to the countryside to work as their contribution to society.
学校要把劳动定到课程中，每周规定半天，主要是使娃娃们养成劳动习惯，加强集体观念。
Taking part in labour should be included in the curriculum, with half a day set aside for labour every week.
The main objective is to help students cultivate good work habits and strengthen their collective spirit.
劳动有了收入，也可以拿来帮助贫苦学生，但是不能把劳动搞成社会职业，不要以赚钱为目的，一提倡赚钱，就容易计较个人利益。
In addition, students can earn a little income through labour.
With the money they earn, they can also help poor students.
But we should not turn such a kind of labour into a profession, nor should we consider earning money as the sole purpose of labour.
If we encourage the students to make money, they will be prone to compete in their own interests.
城市中学的学生年龄小，又没有好多门路，不可能实行半工半读。
It is impossible for secondary school students in the cities to carry out the work-study programme, because they are too young and they don't have many social connections that can help them find suitable work to do.
个别中学如果有条件能够做到半自给或者自给的，也可以搞，但是不要影响学生的学习。
Schools which are in a position to be partly or wholly self-supporting may undertake this programme provided that it doesn't interfere with the students' study.
总之，学校要保证提高教学质量，否则就不能说是成功的。
In a word, schools should ensure that the quality of their instruction is improved.
Otherwise, they cannot be considered as successful ones.