第一，归口。
First, the budget should be made by central departments.
这是鉴于过去的预算，特别是一九五三年的预算有危险性，而更大的危险性是财政部代替各部门决定政策，这是不懂得数字中有政策，决定数字就是决定政策。
Because our budgets of the past few years, particularly the one of 1953, contained risky provisions.
The greatest risk lies in that the Ministry of Finance makes policy decisions for all departments, which shows ignorance of the fact that policies are embodied in figures and that to decide on figures is to make polices.
归口就包括政策问题，数目字内包括轻重缓急，哪个项目该办，哪个项目不该办，这是一个政治性的问题。
Having central departments prepare the budget is a matter of policy.
The amounts allocated indicate the importance and urgency of projects, as well as which projects should be undertaken and which should not, and therefore this is a political question.
财政部代替各部作决定，有人说是“有财无政”。
When the Ministry of Finance makes decisions for the departments, some people say it “has the money but no policy for spending it”.
“政”是有的，但是错了。
It dose have a “policy”, but it is not the correct one.
过去财政部管得多，反而挨了骂。
In the past the Ministry of Finance exercised too much control over departments, only to elicit complaints
挨骂有两方面：一方面是袖筒里谈交易，不给钱挨骂，给了钱也挨骂；另一方面是预算不采取归口的办法，控制不住，干预过多，因而财政部成了被斗争的焦点。
for the following two reasons.One, as it drew up the budget behind closed doors, it was criticized right and left whether it allocated funds to the departments or not.
Two, as the budget was not worked out by central departments, the ministry was not in a position to exercise effective control while trying to have a finger in every pie, thus becoming the main target of attack.
归口以后，就易于控制，预算就容易确定。
If the budget is prepared by central departments, it will be easy to control and decide on it.
所以预算要归口，不能有不归口的预算项目。
Therefore, all projects must be covered by budgets that are worked out by central departments.
归口不等于财政部不管，财政部有干预的权利，要提出意见。
However, this does not mean the Ministry of Finance will have nothing to do with budgeting; it still has the right to intervene and offer suggestions.
财政部提意见，是从全局出发，考虑有钱没有钱，是否符合国民经济发展的比例。
When offering suggestions, the ministry takes the overall situation into account, making sure that the state can afford the expenditures allocated and that they conform to the growth rate of the national economy.
预算不能由各部自行决定，但必须以各部门为主，共同商量。
A budget cannot be decided on by a department itself; the department has to consult with other departments concerned.
各级、各部门对归口是赞成的，现在有一些还没有归口，归口以后，工作就主动了。
Departments at all levels are in favour of the principle of having the central departments preparing the budgets.
There are no central departments to be responsible for the preparation of some of the budgets.
Once there are, things will be easier.
第二，包干。
Second, departments should shoulder the responsibility for their own finances.
以后是否永远包干？
Will they have to do so forever?
有些是长期的，有些则不一定。
although some of them may for a long time to come.
但至少一九五四年必须包干，一九五五年也有不少还要继续包干。
At any rate they will have to do that in 1954 and many of them in 1955, too.
包干的目的主要是控制预算。
The chief purpose is to control the budget.
包干的提出，是鉴于一九五三年预算在二月十二日通过，三月底总预备费就花光了，八月即失掉收支平衡，出现二十一万多亿元的赤字。
We made this decision because after the budget for 1953 was adopted on February 12, the general reserve fund was used up by the end of March, and in August, revenues and expenditures were well out of balance, resulting in a deficit to the tune of more than 21,000 billion yuan.
因此，今后为了控制预算，才实行包干。
In order to control the budget we have decided from now on to hold departments responsible for their own revenue and expenditure.
财委是一大口，其中农林水归四办，交通归三办，财金贸归二办，工业归一办。
At the central level is the Financial and Economic Commission, which is in charge of overall affairs.
Its No.4 Office is responsible for the finances of the departments of agriculture, forestry and land reclamation, and water conservancy; the No.3 Office for the finances of the department of transportation; the No.2 Office for the finances of the departments of finance, banking and trade; and the No.1 Office for the finances of the department of industry.
总的预算投资多少，由财委、计委审核。
The total amount of the budgeted investment will be examined and approved by the Financial and Economic Commission and the Planning Commission.
各项事业的轻重缓急与投资的分配，由各口去考虑。
Investments in individual undertakings and projects will be decided by the departments concerned in the light of importance and urgency.
二是地方的包干，主要是大区包干。
At the local level are the greater administrative areas that will be charged with the responsibility of regulating their finances.