这方面要做的事还不少，如教育制度要作适当改革，师资不足需要补充等等。
Many things remain to be done in this respect.
For example, we should appropriately reform the educational system and increase the number of teachers, etc.
管理水平不高也是问题。
The low standards of management constitute another problem.
工业水平和技术水平应当区别。
We should distinguish between the industrial level and the technological level.
我们的技术水平还不高，技术种类也还不全。
Our technological level is not high and the categories of technologies are incomplete.
这些是“硬东西”，如果没有外国资料和材料，一下子搞不上去，想跨过去不是容易的。
They are hard nuts to crack.
Without foreign data and materials, it would not be so easy for us to solve those problems in a short time.
我们现在的工业水平也不算高，如机床只有近六十万台，精密的、大型的、特种的都很缺乏。
Our industrial level is not high either.
For example, we have only approximately 600,000 machine tools and lack precision, large and special machine tools.
再如铁路只有三万四千多公里，近三分之一的钢轨要换，许多桥梁也要修补。
We have only more than 34,000 kilometres of railways.
Nearly one-third of the rails need to be replaced, and many bridges need to be repaired.
国家工业建设的道路，毛主席早就确定了，他在《论十大关系》和《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》中，就提出要工农业并举，轻重工业并举。
Long ago Chairman Mao defined the path for the country's industrial development.
In his On the Ten Major Relationships and On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People, he pointed out that we should develop industry and agriculture, and light and heavy industries simultaneously.
这是各国经验的总结。
This is a summarization of the experience gained in other countries.
美国早先工业发展快，靠农业有一个强大的基础。
With a formidable agricultural foundation industry developed rapidly in the United States long ago.
日本二次大战后也因为先解决了农业问题，工业发展得很快。
Japan was able to develop its industry rapidly after World War II simply because it first solved the problem of agriculture.
每年增加一两千万人，要吃、穿、用，压力很大。
With an annual increase of ten or twenty million people, we have to supply them with food, clothing and other daily necessities.
This is a real burden.
工业本身，首先是基础工业本身就存在不少问题。
There are many problems with industry and particularly with basic industry.
钢铁两头，采矿和轧钢，都差得很多。
We lag far behind in mining and steel rolling, the two sectors of iron and steel industry.
有色金属工业很薄弱。
The nonferrous metals industry
石油产量只有几百万吨，燃料就靠煤，而煤要上去得多投资、花时间。
Our output of petroleum is only several million tons.
Coal is used as the main fuel, and if we want to increase its output, we have to make huge investment.
This will take a long time.
许多国家工业发展得快，尖端工业能够较快地上去，都是因为有强大的基础工业。
Many countries have been able to develop industries and sophisticated industries rapidly just because they have powerful basic industries.
现在似乎还找不到一个国家，基础工业很差，而尖端工业发展很快的。
It seems that we can hardly find any country in the world which has developed sophisticated industry rapidly with a weak basic industry.
总之，制定发展工业的方针和规划，要考虑农业基础，工业基础，科学技术基础，加上管理水平。
In a word, when formulating principles and plans for industrial development, we should give consideration to the foundations of our agriculture, industry and science and technology as well as our management standards.
按照农、轻、重的次序安排，从长远看会发展得快一点、好一些。
From a long-term point of view, we can achieve faster and better economical results if we put agriculture first and then light industry and heavy industry,
我考虑，在一定时期内，我们工作的重点，必须按照以农业为基础的方针，适当解决吃、穿、用的问题（当然是低水平）；工业本身必须着力解决基础工业薄弱的问题。
I think that, for some time, we should focus on taking agriculture as the foundation and trying to appropriately solve the problem of our inadequate supply of food, clothing and other daily necessities (of course on a low level).
In industry, we should concentrate on developing basic industry, which is still weak.
经过四十年努力走到世界前列。
We want our country to be among the advanced countries in the world through our forty years of hard work.
就是成为世界上主要的几个工业强国之一，而不是赶过所有国家。
we want it to become one of the few major industrial powers in the world, but not to surpass all the other countries.
说赶过所有国家，现在没有把握，因为基础不同，而且人家也在前进。
We are not sure whether we shall be able to surpass all the other countries, because our economic foundation is different from that of other countries and they are also advancing.