这次会议开得很好，完成了任务。
This conference has been a success and achieved the desired results.
大家是照顾全局和从实际出发，才把会议开好的。
This is because all participants have taken the overall situation into consideration and proceeded from the facts.
照顾全局，从实际出发，这两个观点缺一不可。
Neither of these two approaches is dispensable.
过去财政部就是因为没有把这两个观点结合起来，致使工作中出了一些问题，各方面意见很多。
It is precisely because the Ministry of Finance did not follow these approaches in the past that problems have cropped up in its work, bringing numerous complaints from all departments.
会议开始时，我的讲话是讲财政部的工作检查，所以着重指出财政部的缺点和应该怎样做工作。
At the beginning of this conference I discussed the need to check up on the work of the Ministry of Finance, elaborating on its shortcomings and the correct way it should do its work.
今天我想着重讲一讲地方财政工作应该怎样做。
Today I should like to focus on how the local authorities should conduct their financial work.
毛主席曾经指出，我们党历来是重视战略的，部队的战士、伙夫都关心战略，只要把战略形势讲清楚，问题就好办了。
Chairman Mao once pointed out that our Party always attached importance to strategy, involving all the soldiers and cooks with matters of strategy, and that as long as the strategic situation was made clear to everybody, things would be easy to handle.
例如粮食的征购，只要把战略问题和全局问题摆开来，就可以得到解决。
Take, for example, the collection of public grain.
If we make clear to everyone the strategic importance and the overall situation, we shall be able to accomplish the task.
但是，过去我们遇到一些问题，常常没有从大的方面出发，没有把战略问题交代清楚，这是过去财政部的工作出了一些问题的原因。
In the past, however, when we ran into problems we seldom proceeded from the overall situation or explained to everyone the strategic questions clearly.
This is why there have been shortcomings in the work of the Ministry of Finance.
所以这次要把道理讲一讲。
Therefore, I shall now try to explain the hows and whys clearly to everyone.
我们的一切工作都会涉及全局与局部的关系、中央与地方的关系、集中统一与因地制宜的关系。
All our work involves relationships between the whole and the part, between the central and local authorities and between the principle of centralized and unified guidance and the principle of consideration of local conditions.
全体和局部缺一不可，全体是由局部组成的，如果只有全体，没有局部，则全体也就不成其为全体了。
Neither the whole nor the parts are dispensable, for without the parts, the whole, which is composed of the parts, would not exist.
另一方面，全体和局部、中央和地方、集中统一和因地制宜，以什么为主导呢？
Which, then, should play the leading role -- the whole or the part, the central or the local authorities, the principle of centralized and unified guidance or the principle of consideration of local conditions?
如果把局部、地方、因地制宜作主导，那就要犯原则错误。
If we let the part, the local authorities and consideration of local conditions play the leading role, we shall make mistakes of principle.
一定要以中央、全体、集中统一作主导。
The central authorities, the whole and the principle of centralized and unified guidance must play such a role.
因此，在中央工作的同志要经常照顾局部和地方，要因地制宜，注意到地方工作有什么困难。
Therefore, comrades working at the central departments should give constant consideration to the parts, the local authorities and local conditions, and find out what difficulties the local authorities may have in their work.
财政部的部长、司局长、处长应经常照顾局部，凡是地方提出的困难问题，只要是可能解决的，应热心帮助解决，如是不能解决的，也要讲清道理。
The Minister of Finance and the ministry's division directors, bureau directors and section chiefs should always pay attention to the parts, enthusiastically helping local authorities solve all the difficult problems they can or explaining why when they cannot do it.
在地方来讲，则应照顾全体、中央和集中统一，以中央为主体。
The local authorities, for their part, should have in mind the whole, the central authorities and the principle of centralized and unified guidance, subordinating themselves to the central authorities.
这是因为地方是在中央领导下的地方，局部是在全体中的局部，因地制宜是在集中统一下的因地制宜，如果两者之间发生矛盾，地方应服从中央，局部应服从全体，因地制宜应服从集中统一。
Since the local authorities are under the leadership of the central authorities, the parts belong to the whole and the principle of consideration of local conditions can be applied only under centralized and unified guidance, when contradictions arise between the opposites, the local authorities must be subordinate to the central authorities, the part to the whole, and the principle of consideration of local conditions to that of centralized and unified guidance.
不如此，就会发生地方主义、本位主义和山头主义。
Otherwise, localism, departmentalism and “mountain-stronghold” mentality will result.
本位主义多多少少是有的，地方主义也曾经发生过，山头主义也存在过（当然也是历史上形成的），这些都是由于缺乏集中统一和全局观点所造成的。
In fact, departmentalism existed to varying degrees, and localism and “mountain-stronghold” mentality (which, of course, has historically been a problem) have also been a problem, because local authorities lacked sufficient understanding of the need of centralized and unified guidance and of consideration of the overall situation.
过去由于中央有些工作部门缺乏照顾局部、照顾地方，所以去年夏季全国财经工作会议前，有一个时期各地区对中央有许多意见，这些意见是应该有的。
Some of the central departments, on their part, failed to take the interests of the parts and the local authorities into consideration in the past, as a result various local authorities raised many justified complaints about the central departments prior to the National Conference on Financial and Economic Work held in the summer of 1953.
但也要注意到另一方面，防止发生局部不照顾全体和中央的现象，当然现在这种现象还没有发生，可是两者的关系必须说清楚、弄正确。
But attention must also be paid to preventing the part from not giving consideration to the interests of the whole and the central authorities, although this does not present a problem now.
We must have a clear and correct understanding of the relationship between the two all the same.
财政工作的全局观点是什么呢？
What is the overall point of view we should take in financial work?