惻怛之心，痛疾之意，傷腎乾肝焦肺，水漿不入口，三日不舉火，故鄰里為之糜粥以飲食之。
Immediately after his father's death, (the son put off his cap, and) kept his hair with the skirt of his dress tucked up and wailed with his hands across his breast showing how grief transforms the body and affects appetite for three days.
夫悲哀在中，故形變於外也，痛疾在心，故口不甘味，身不安美也。
Immediately after his father's death, (the son put off his cap, and) kept his hair with the skirt of his dress tucked up and wailed with his hands across his breast showing how grief transforms the body and affects appetite for three days.
三日而斂，在床曰尸，在棺曰柩，動尸舉柩，哭踴無數。
On the third day there was the (slighter) dressing (of the corpse)...the son wailed and leaped...baring his arms and leaping, seeking...comfort to his heart and relief to his spirit.
惻怛之心，痛疾之意，悲哀志懣氣盛，故袒而踴之，所以動體安心下氣也。
On the third day there was the (slighter) dressing (of the corpse)...the son wailed and leaped...baring his arms and leaping, seeking...comfort to his heart and relief to his spirit.
婦人不宜袒，故發胸擊心爵踴，殷殷田田，如壞墻然，悲哀痛疾之至也。
On the third day there was the (slighter) dressing (of the corpse)...the son wailed and leaped...baring his arms and leaping, seeking...comfort to his heart and relief to his spirit.
其往送也，望望然、汲汲然如有追而弗及也；其反哭也，皇皇然若有求而弗得也。
When (the mourners) went, accompanying the coffin...they looked forward, with an expression of eagerness...unable to get up to him.
When returning to wail, they looked disconcerted.
故其往送也如慕，其反也如疑。
When (the mourners) went, accompanying the coffin...they looked forward, with an expression of eagerness...unable to get up to him.
When returning to wail, they looked disconcerted.
求而無所得之也，入門而弗見也，上堂又弗見也，入室又弗見也。
When (the mourners) went, accompanying the coffin...they looked forward, with an expression of eagerness...unable to get up to him.
When returning to wail, they looked disconcerted.
亡矣喪矣！
When (the mourners) went, accompanying the coffin...they looked forward, with an expression of eagerness...unable to get up to him.
When returning to wail, they looked disconcerted.
不可復見矣！
When (the mourners) went, accompanying the coffin...they looked forward, with an expression of eagerness...unable to get up to him.
When returning to wail, they looked disconcerted.
笔哭泣辟踴，盡哀而止矣。
When (the mourners) went, accompanying the coffin...they looked forward, with an expression of eagerness...unable to get up to him.
When returning to wail, they looked disconcerted.
祭之宗廟，以鬼饗之，徼幸復反也。
In presenting the sacrifice...in the ancestral temple, (the son) offered it in his disembodied state...When he came back...he did not venture to occupy his chamber, but dwelt in the mourning shed.
成壙而歸，不敢入處室，居於倚廬，哀親之在外也；寢苫枕塊，哀親之在土也。
In presenting the sacrifice...in the ancestral temple, (the son) offered it in his disembodied state...When he came back...he did not venture to occupy his chamber, but dwelt in the mourning shed.
故哭泣無時，服勤三年，思慕之心，孝子之志也，人情之實也。
In presenting the sacrifice...in the ancestral temple, (the son) offered it in his disembodied state...When he came back...he did not venture to occupy his chamber, but dwelt in the mourning shed.
或問曰：「死三日而後斂者，何也？」曰：孝子親死，悲哀志懣，故匍匐而哭之，若將復生然，安可得奪而斂之也。
Why does the dressing not commence till three days after death?...the filial son is sad...and crawls about and bewails his loss, as if the dead might come back to life.
故曰三日而後斂者，以俟其生也；三日而不生，亦不生矣。
Why does the dressing not commence till three days after death?...the filial son is sad...and crawls about and bewails his loss, as if the dead might come back to life.
或問曰：「冠者不肉袒，何也？」曰：冠，至尊也，不居肉袒之體也，故為之免以代之也。
How is it that one with the cap on does not bare his arms?...The cap is the most honourable article of dress...in the rites of mourning it is the sorrow that is the principal thing.
然則禿者不免，傴者不袒，跛者不踴，非不悲也；身有錮疾，不可以備禮也。
How is it that one with the cap on does not bare his arms?...The cap is the most honourable article of dress...in the rites of mourning it is the sorrow that is the principal thing.
故曰：喪禮唯哀為主矣。
How is it that one with the cap on does not bare his arms?...The cap is the most honourable article of dress...in the rites of mourning it is the sorrow that is the principal thing.
或問曰：「免者以何為也？」曰：不冠者之所服也。
What is the idea in the cincture?...The cincture is what is worn while uncapped...If he had come to be the representative of the family, he wore the cincture.
《禮》曰：「童子不緦，唯當室緦。」緦者其免也，當室則免而杖矣。
What is the idea in the cincture?...The cincture is what is worn while uncapped...If he had come to be the representative of the family, he wore the cincture.
或問曰：「杖者何也？」曰：竹、桐一也。
What is meant by (using) the staff?...for a father they used the black staff of bamboo; and for a mother, the square-cut staff, an elaeococcus branch.
故為父苴杖；苴杖，竹也；為母削杖；削杖，桐也。
What is meant by (using) the staff?...for a father they used the black staff of bamboo; and for a mother, the square-cut staff, an elaeococcus branch.
或問曰：「杖者以何為也？」曰：孝子喪親，哭泣無數，服勤三年，身病體羸，以杖扶病也。
When a filial son mourns for a parent, he wails and weeps...his body becomes ill and his limbs emaciated; and so he uses a staff to support his infirmity.
Thus, while his father is alive he does not dare to use a staff.