§毛泽东此文是为反对当时党内存在着的两种倾向而写的。
#§This article was written by Comrade Mao Tse-tung to combat two deviations then to be found in the Party.
当时党内的第一种倾向，以陈独秀为代表，只注意同国民党合作，忘记了农民，这是右倾机会主义。
# The exponents of the first deviation, represented by Chen Tu-hsiu, were concerned only with co-operation with the Kuomintang and forgot about the peasants; this was Right opportunism.
第二种倾向，以张国焘为代表，只注意工人运动，同样忘记了农民，这是“左”倾机会主义。
# The exponents of the second deviation, represented by Chang Kuo-tao, were concerned only with the labour movement, and likewise forgot about the peasants; this was "Left" opportunism.
这两种机会主义都感觉自己力量不足，而不知道到何处去寻找力量，到何处去取得广大的同盟军。
# Both were aware that their own strength was inadequate, but neither of them knew where to seek reinforcements or where to obtain allies on a mass scale.
毛泽东指出中国无产阶级的最广大和最忠实的同盟军是农民，这样就解决了中国革命中的最主要的同盟军问题。
# Comrade Mao Tse-tung pointed out that the peasantry was the staunchest and numerically the largest ally of the Chinese proletariat, and thus solved the problem of who was the chief ally in the Chinese revolution.
毛泽东并且预见到当时的民族资产阶级是一个动摇的阶级，他们在革命高涨时将要分化，其右翼将要跑到帝国主义方面去。
# Moreover, he saw that the national bourgeoisie was a vacillating class and predicted that it would disintegrate during the upsurge of the revolution, with its right-wing going over to the side of imperialism.
一九二七年所发生的事变，证明了这一点。
# This was borne out by the events of 1927.
§谁是我们的敌人？
#§Who are our enemies? # Who are our friends? # This is a question of the first importance for the revolution.
谁是我们的朋友？
#§Who are our enemies? # Who are our friends? # This is a question of the first importance for the revolution.
这个问题是革命的首要问题。
#§Who are our enemies? # Who are our friends? # This is a question of the first importance for the revolution.
中国过去一切革命斗争成效甚少，其基本原因就是因为不能团结真正的朋友，以攻击真正的敌人。
# The basic reason why all previous revolutionary struggles in China achieved so little was their failure to unite with real friends in order to attack real enemies.
革命党是群众的向导，在革命中未有革命党领错了路而革命不失败的。
# A revolutionary party is the guide of the masses, and no revolution ever succeeds when the revolutionary party leads them astray.
我们的革命要有不领错路和一定成功的把握，不可不注意团结我们的真正的朋友，以攻击我们的真正的敌人。
# To ensure that we will definitely achieve success in our revolution and will not lead the masses astray, we must pay attention to uniting with our real friends in order to attack our real enemies.
我们要分辨真正的敌友，不可不将中国社会各阶级的经济地位及其对于革命的态度，作一个大概的分析。
# To distinguish real friends from real enemies, we must make a general analysis of the economic status of the various classes in Chinese society and of their respective attitudes towards the revolution.
§中国社会各阶级的情况是怎样的呢？
#§What is the condition of each of the classes in Chinese society?
§地主阶级和买办阶级。
#§The landlord class and the comprador class.
在经济落后的半殖民地的中国，地主阶级和买办阶级完全是国际资产阶级的附庸，其生存和发展，是附属于帝国主义的。
#In economically backward and semi-colonial China the landlord class and the comprador class are wholly appendages of the international bourgeoisie, depending upon imperialism for their survival ant growth.
这些阶级代表中国最落后的和最反动的生产关系，阻碍中国生产力的发展。
# These classes represent the most backward and most reactionary relations of production in China and hinder the development of her productive forces.
他们和中国革命的目的完全不兼容。
# Their existence is utterly incompatible with the aims of the Chinese revolution.
特别是大地主阶级和大买办阶级，他们始终站在帝国主义一边，是极端的反革命派。
# The big landlord and big comprador classes in particular always side with imperialism and constitute an extreme counterrevolutionary group.
其政治代表是国家主义派和国民党右派。
# Their political representatives are the étatistes and the right-wing of the Kuomintang.
§中产阶级。
#§The middle bourgeoisie.
这个阶级代表中国城乡资本主义的生产关系。
# This class represents the capitalist relations of production in China in town and country.
中产阶级主要是指民族资产阶级，他们对于中国革命具有矛盾的态度：他们在受外资打击、军阀压迫感觉痛苦时，需要革命，赞成反帝国主义反军阀的革命运动；但是当着革命在国内有本国无产阶级的勇猛参加，在国外有国际无产阶级的积极援助，对于其欲达到大资产阶级地位的阶级的发展感觉到威胁时，他们又怀疑革命。
# The middle bourgeoisie, by which is meant chiefly the national bourgeoisie, is inconsistent in its attitude towards the Chinese revolution: they feel the need for revolution and favour the revolutionary movement against imperialism and the warlords when they are smarting under the blows of foreign capital and the oppression of the warlords, but they become suspicious of the revolution when they sense that, with the militant participation of the proletariat at home and the active support of the international proletariat abroad, the revolution is threatening the hope of their class to attain the status of a big bourgeoisie.