§农民问题的严重性
#§The Importance of the Peasant Problem
§我这回到湖南，实地考察了湘潭、湘乡、衡山、醴陵、长沙五县的情况。
#§During my recent visit to Hunan I made a first-hand investigation of conditions in the five counties of Hsiangtan, Hsianghsiang, Hengshan, Liling and Changsha.
从一月四日起至二月五日止，共三十二天，在乡下，在县城，召集有经验的农民和农运工作同志开调查会，仔细听他们的报告，所得材料不少。
# In the thirty-two days from January 4 to February 5, I called together fact-finding conferences in villages and county towns, which were attended by experienced peasants and by comrades working in the peasant movement, and I listened attentively to their reports and collected a great deal of material.
许多农民运动的道理，和在汉口、长沙从绅士阶级那里听得的道理，完全相反。
# Many of the hows and whys of the peasant movement were the exact opposite of what the gentry in Hankow and Changsha are saying.
许多奇事，则见所未见，闻所未闻。
# I saw and heard of many strange things of which I had hitherto been unaware.
我想这些情形，很多地方都有。
# I believe the same is true of many other places, too.
所有各种反对农民运动的议论，都必须迅速矫正。
# All talk directed against the peasant movement must be speedily set right.
革命当局对农民运动的各种错误处置，必须迅速变更。
# All the wrong measures taken by the revolutionary authorities concerning the peasant movement must be speedily changed.
这样，才于革命前途有所补益。
# Only thus can the future of the revolution be benefited.
因为目前农民运动的兴起是一个极大的问题。
# For the present upsurge of the peasant movement is a colossal event.
很短的时间内，将有几万万农民从中国中部、南部和北部各省起来，其势如暴风骤雨，迅猛异常，无论什么大的力量都将压抑不住。
# In a very short time, in China's central, southern and northern provinces, several hundred million peasants will rise like a mighty storm, like a hurricane, a force so swift and violent that no power, however great, will be able to hold it back.
他们将冲决一切束缚他们的罗网，朝着解放的路上迅跑。
# They will smash all the trammels that bind them and rush forward along the road to liberation.
一切帝国主义、军阀、贪官污吏、土豪劣绅，都将被他们葬入坟墓。
# They will sweep all the imperialists, warlords, corrupt officials, local tyrants and evil gentry into their graves.
一切革命的党派、革命的同志，都将在他们面前受他们的检验而决定弃取。
# Every revolutionary party and every revolutionary comrade will be put to the test, to be accepted or rejected as they decide.
站在他们的前头领导他们呢？
# There are three alternatives. # To march at their head and lead them? # To trail behind them, gesticulating and criticizing? # Or to stand in their way and oppose them? # Every Chinese is free to choose, but events will force you to make the choice quickly.
还是站在他们的后头指手画脚地批评他们呢？
# There are three alternatives. # To march at their head and lead them? # To trail behind them, gesticulating and criticizing? # Or to stand in their way and oppose them? # Every Chinese is free to choose, but events will force you to make the choice quickly.
还是站在他们的对面反对他们呢？
# There are three alternatives. # To march at their head and lead them? # To trail behind them, gesticulating and criticizing? # Or to stand in their way and oppose them? # Every Chinese is free to choose, but events will force you to make the choice quickly.
每个中国人对于这三项都有选择的自由，不过时局将强迫你迅速地选择罢了。
# There are three alternatives. # To march at their head and lead them? # To trail behind them, gesticulating and criticizing? # Or to stand in their way and oppose them? # Every Chinese is free to choose, but events will force you to make the choice quickly.
§ 湖南的农民运动，就湘中、湘南已发达的各县来说，大约分为两个时期。
#§The development of the peasant movement in Hunan may be divided roughly into two periods with respect to the counties in the province's central and southern parts where the movement has already made much headway.
去年一月至九月为第一时期，即组织时期。
# The first, from January to September of last year, was one of organization.
此时期内，一月至六月为秘密活动时期，七月至九月革命军驱逐赵恒惕，为公开活动时期。
# In this period, January to June was a time of underground activity, and July to September, when the revolutionary army was driving out Chao Heng-ti, one of open activity.
此时期内，农会会员的人数总计不过三四十万，能直接领导的群众也不过百余方，在农村中还没有什么斗争，因此各界对它也没有什么批评。
# During this period, the membership of the peasant associations did not exceed 300,000-400,000 the masses directly under their leadership numbered little more than a million, there was as yet hardly any struggle in the rural areas, and consequently there was very little criticism of the associations in other circles.
因为农会会员能作向导，作侦探，作挑夫，北伐军的军官们还有说几句好话的。
# Since its members served as guides, scouts and carriers of the Northern Expeditionary Army, even some of the officers had a good word to say for the peasant associations.
十月至今年一月为第二时期，即革命时期。
# The second period, from last October to January of this year, was one of revolutionary action.