§现在国民党新军阀的统治，依然是城市买办阶级和乡村豪绅阶级的统治，对外投降帝国主义，对内以新军阀代替旧军阀，对工农阶级的经济的剥削和政治的压迫比从前更加厉害。
#§The present regime of the new warlords of the Kuomintang remains a regime of the comprador class in the cities and the landlord class in the countryside; it is a regime which has capitulated to imperialism in its foreign relations and which at home has replaced the old warlords with new ones, subjecting the working class and the peasantry to an even more ruthless economic exploitation and political oppression.
从广东出发的资产阶级民主革命，到半路被买办豪绅阶级篡夺了领导权，立即转向反革命路上，全国工农平民以至资产阶级，依然在反革命统治底下，没有得到丝毫政治上经济上的解放。
# The bourgeois-democratic revolution which started in Kwangtung Province had gone only halfway when the comprador and landlord classes usurped the leadership and immediately shifted it on to the road of counter-revolution; throughout the country the workers, the peasants, the other sections of the common people, and even the bourgeoisie,have remained under counter-revolutionary rule and obtained not the slightest particle of political or economic emancipation.
§国民党新军阀蒋桂冯阎四派，在北京天津没有打下以前，有一个对张作霖的临时的团结。
#§Before their capture of Peking and Tientsin, the four cliques of the new Kuomintang warlords, Chiang Kai-shek, the Kwangsi warlords, Feng Yu-hsiang and Yen Hsi-shan,formed a temporary alliance against Chang Tso-lin.
北京天津打下以后，这个团结立即解散，变为四派内部激烈斗争的局面，蒋桂两派且在酝酿战争中。
#As soon as these cities were captured, this alliance broke up, giving way to bitter struggle among the four cliques, and now a war is brewing between the Chiang and the Kwangsi cliques.
中国内部各派军阀的矛盾和斗争，反映着帝国主义各国的矛盾和斗争。
# The contradictions and struggles among the cliques of warlords in China reflect the contradictions and struggles among the imperialist powers.
故只要各国帝国主义分裂中国的状况存在，各派军阀就无论如何不能妥协，所有妥协都是暂时的。
# Hence, as long as China is divided among the imperialist powers, the various cliques of warlords cannot under any circumstances come to terms, and whatever compromises they may reach will only be temporary.
§中国迫切需要一个资产阶级的民主革命，这个革命必须由无产阶级领导才能完成。
#§China is in urgent need of a bourgeois-democratic revolution, and this revolution can be completed only under the leadership of the proletariat.
从广东出发向长江发展的一九二六年到一九二七年的革命，因为无产阶级没有坚决地执行自己的领导权，被买办豪绅阶级夺取了领导，以反革命代替了革命。
# Because the proletariat failed to exercise firm leadership in the revolution of 1926-27 which started from Kwangtung and spread towards the Yangtze River, leadership was seized by the comprador and landlord classes and the revolution was replaced by counterrevolution.
资产阶级民主革命乃遭遇到暂时的失败。
# The bourgeois-democratic revolution thus met with a temporary defeat.
中国无产阶级和农民在此次失败中，受到很大的打击，中国资产阶级（非买办豪绅阶级）也受了打击。
# This defeat was a heavy blow to the Chinese proletariat and peasantry and also a blow to the Chinese bourgeoisie (but not to the comprador and landlord classes).
但最近数个月来，工农阶级在共产党领导之下的有组织的城市罢工和农村暴动，在南北各地发展起来。
# Yet in the last few months, both in the north and in the south, there has been a growth of organized strikes by the workers in the cities and of insurrections by the peasants in the countryside under the leadership of the Communist Party.
军阀军队中的士兵因饥寒而酝酿着很大的不安。
# Hunger and cold are creating great unrest among the soldiers of the warlord armies.
同时资产阶级在汪精卫、陈公博一派鼓动之下，亦在沿海沿江各地发展着颇大的改良主义运动。
# Meanwhile, urged on by the clique headed by Wang Ching-wei and Chen Kung-po, the bourgeoisie is promoting a reform movement of considerable proportionsin the coastal areas and along the Yangtze River.
§中国的民主革命的内容，依国际及中央的指示，包括推翻帝国主义及其工具军阀在中国的统治，完成民族革命，并实行土地革命，消灭豪绅阶级对农民的封建的剥削。
#§According to the directives of the Communist International and the Central Committee of our Party, the content of China's democratic revolution consists in overthrowing the rule of imperialism and its warlord tools in China so as to complete the national revolution, and in carrying out the agrarian revolution so as to eliminate the feudal exploitation of the peasants by the landlord class.
这种革命的实际运动，在一九二八年五月济南惨案以后，是一天一天在发展的。
# Such a revolutionary movement has been growing day by day since the Tsinan Massacrein May 1928
§二 中国红色政权发生和存在的原因
#§II. # REASONS FOR THE EMERGENCE AND SURVIVAL OF RED POLITICAL POWER IN CHINA
§一国之内，在四围白色政权的包围中，有一小块或若干小块红色政权的区域长期地存在，这是世界各国从来没有的事。
#§The long-term survival inside a country of one or more small areas under Red political power completely encircled by a White regime is a phenomenon that has never occurred anywhere else in the world.
这种奇事的发生，有其独特的原因。
# There are special reasons for this unusual phenomenon.
因为这种奇怪现象必定伴着另外一件奇怪现象，那就是白色政权之间的战争。
# For this unusual phenomenon can occur only in conjunction with another unusual phenomenon, namely, war within the White regime.
帝国主义和国内买办豪绅阶级支持着的各派新旧军阀，从民国元年以来，相互间进行着继续不断的战争，这是半殖民地中国的特征之一。
# It is a feature of semicolonial China that, since the first year of the Republic 1912 the various cliques of old and new warlords have waged incessant wars against one another, supported by imperialism from abroad and by the comprador and landlord classes at home.
不但全世界帝国主义国家没有一国有这种现象，就是帝国主义直接统治的殖民地也没有一处有这种现象，仅仅帝国主义间接统治的中国这样的国家才有这种现象。
# Such a phenomenon is to be found in none of the imperialist countries nor for that matter in any colony under direct imperialist rule, but only in a country like China which is under indirect imperialist rule.
这种现象产生的原因有两种，即地方的农业经济（不是统一的资本主义经济）和帝国主义划分势力范围的分裂剥削政策。
# Two things account for its occurrence, namely, a localized agricultural economy (not a unified capitalist economy) and the imperialist policy of marking off spheres of influence in order to divide and exploit.
因为有了白色政权间的长期的分裂和战争，便给了一种条件，使一小块或若干小块的共产党领导的红色区域，能够在四围白色政权包围的中间发生和坚持下来。
# The prolonged splits and wars within the White regime provide a condition for the emergence and persistence of one or more small Red areas under the leadership of the Communist Party amidst the encirclement of the White regime.
湘赣边界的割据，就是这许多小块中间的一小块。
# The independent regime carved out on the borders of Hunan and Kiangsi Provinces is one of many such small areas.