§湘赣边界的割据和八月失败
#§THE INDEPENDENT REGIME IN THE HUNAN-KIANGSI BORDER AREA AND THE AUGUST DEFEAT
§一国之内，在四围白色政权的包围中间，产生一小块或若干小块的红色政权区域，在目前的世界上只有中国有这种事。
#§China is the only country in the world today where one or more small areas under Red political power have emerged in the midst of a White regime which encircles them.
我们分析它发生的原因之一，在于中国有买办豪绅阶级间的不断的分裂和战争。
# We find on analysis that one reason for this phenomenon lies in the incessant splits and wars within China's comprador and landlord classes.
只要买办豪绅阶级间的分裂和战争是继续的，则工农武装割据的存在和发展也将是能够继续的。
# So long as these splits and wars continue, it is possible for an armed independent regime of workers and peasants to survive and grow.
此外，工农武装割据的存在和发展，还需要具备下列的条件：（1）有很好的群众；（2）有很好的党；（3）有相当力量的红军；（4）有便利于作战的地势；（5）有足够给养的经济力。
# In addition, its survival and growth require the following conditions: (1) a sound mass base, (2) a sound Party organization, (3) a fairly strong Red Army, (4) terrain favourable to military operations, and (5) economic resources sufficient for sustenance.
§在统治阶级政权的暂时稳定的时期和破裂的时期，割据地区对四围统治阶级必须采取不同的战略。
#§An independent regime must vary its strategy against the encircling ruling classes, adopting one strategy when the ruling class regime is temporarily stable and another when it is split up.
在统治阶级内部发生破裂时期，例如两湖在李宗仁唐生智战争时期，广东在张发奎李济深战争时期，我们的战略可以比较地冒进，用军事发展割据的地方可以比较地广大。
# In a period when the ruling classes are split up, as during the wars between Li Tsung-jen and Tang Sheng-chih in Hunan and Hupoh Provincesand between Chang Fa-kuei and Li Chi-shen in Kwangtung Province,our strategy can be comparatively adventurous and the area carved out by military operations can be comparatively large.
但是仍然需要注意建立中心区域的坚实基础，以备白色恐怖到来时有所恃而不恐。
# However, we must take care to lay a solid foundation in the central districts so that we shall have something secure to rely on when the White terror strikes.
若在统治阶级政权比较稳定的时期，例如今年四月以后的南方各省，则我们的战略必须是逐渐地推进的。
# In a period when the regime of the ruling classes is comparatively stable, as it was in the souther provinces after April this year, our strategy must be one of gradual advance.
这时在军事上最忌分兵冒进，在地方工作方面（分配土地，建立政权，发展党，组织地方武装）最忌把人力分得四散，而不注意建立中心区域的坚实基础。
# In such a period, the worst thing in military affairs is to divide our forces for an adventurous advance, and the worst thing in local work (distributing land, establishing political power, expanding the Party and organizing local armed forces) is to scatter our personnel and neglect to lay a solid foundation in the central districts.
各地许多小块红色区域的失败，不是客观上条件不具备，就是主观上策略有错误。
# The defeats which many small Red areas have suffered have been due either to the absence of the requisite objective conditions or to subjective mistakes in tactics.
至于策略之所以错误，全在未曾把统治阶级政权暂时稳定的时期和破裂的时期这两个不同的时期分别清楚。
# Mistakes in tactics have been made solely because of failure to distinguish clearly between the two kinds of period, that in which the regime of the ruling classes is temporarily stable and that in which it is split up.
有些同志在统治阶级政权暂时稳定的时期，也主张分兵冒进，甚至主张只用赤卫队保卫大块地方，好像完全不知道敌人方面除了挨户团之外还有正式军队集中来打的一回事。
# In a period of temporary stability, some comrades advocated dividing our forces for an adventurous advance and even proposed leaving the defence of extensive areas to the Red Guards alone, as thought oblivious of the fact that the enemy could attack not merely with the landlords' levies but even in concentrated operations with regular troops.
在地方工作方面，则完全不注意建立中心区域的坚实的基础，不顾主观力量的可能，只图无限量的推广。
# In local work, they utterly neglected to lay a solid foundation in the central districts and attempted unrestricted expansion regardless of whether it was within our capacity.
如果遇到什么人在军事方面主张采取逐步推广的政策，在地方工作方面主张集中力量建立中心区域的坚实基础，以求自立于不败之地，则谥之曰“保守主义”。
# If anyone advocated a policy of gradual advance in military operations or a policy of concentrating our effort in local work on laying a solid foundation in the central districts so as to secure an invincible position, they dubbed him a "conservative".
他们的这种错误意见，就是今年八月湘赣边界失败以及同时红军第四军在湘南失败的根本原因。
# Their wrong ideas were the root cause of the defeats sustained last August by the Hunan-Kiangsi border area and by the Fourth Red Army in souther Hunan.
§湘赣边界的工作，从去年十月做起。
#§Our work in the Hunan-Kiangsi border area began in October last year.
开头，各县完全没有了党的组织，地方武装只袁文才、王佐各六十枝坏枪在井冈山附近，永新、莲花、茶陵、酃县四县农民自卫军枪枝全数缴给了豪绅阶级，群众革命情绪已经被压下去了。
# At the start, all our Party organizations in the counties were defunct. # The local armed forces consisted only of the two units under Yuan Wen-tsai and Wang Tso in the vicinity of the Chingkang Mountains, each unit having sixty rifles in bad repair, while the peasant self-defence corps in the counties of Yunghsin, Lienhua, Chaling and Linghsien had been totally disarmed by the landlord class and the revolutionary ardour of the masses had been stifled.
到今年二月，宁冈、永新、茶陵、遂川都有了党的县委，酃县有了特别区委，莲花亦开始建立了党的组织，和万安县委发生了关系。
# By February this year Ningkang, Yunghsin, Chaling and Suichuan had county Party committees, Linghsien had a special district Party committee, and in Lienhua a Party organization was beginning to function and establish connections with the Wanan County Committee.
地方武装，除酃县外，各县都有了少数。
# All the counties except Linghsien had a few local armed units.
在宁冈、茶陵、遂川、永新，特别是遂川、永新二县，进行了很多次打倒豪绅、发动群众的游击暴动，成绩都还好。
# In Ningkang, Chaling, Suichuan and Yunghsin, and especially in the two latter counties, there were a good many guerrilla uprisings against the landlords which aroused the masses, and all were fairly successful.
这个时期，土地革命还没有深入。
# In that period the agrarian revolution had not yet been carried very far.
政权机关称为工农兵政府。
# The organs of political power were called governments of the workers, peasants and soldiers.
军中组织了士兵委员会。
# Soldiers' committeeswere set up in the army.