§一 地主
#§I. # THE LANDLORD
§占有土地，自己不劳动，或只有附带的劳动，而靠剥削农民为生的，叫做地主。
#§A landlord is a person who owns land, does not engage in labour himself, or does so only to a very small extent, and lives by exploiting the peasants.
地主剥削的方式，主要地是收取地租，此外或兼放债，或兼雇工，或兼营工商业。
# The collection of land rent is his main form of exploitation; in addition, he may lend money, hire labour, or engage in industry or commerce.
但对农民剥削地租是地主剥削的主要的方式。
# But his exaction of land rent from the peasants is his principal form of exploitation.
管公堂和收学租也是地租剥削的一类。
# The administration of communal land and the collection of rent from school landare included in the category of exploitation through land rent.
§有些地主虽然已破产了，但破产之后仍不劳动，依靠欺骗、掠夺或亲友接济等方法为生，而其生活状况超过普通中农者，仍然算是地主。
#§A bankrupt landlord shall still be classified as a landlord if he does not engage in labour but lives by swindling or robbing others or by receiving assistance from relatives or friends, and is better off than the average middle peasant.
§军阀、官僚、土豪、劣绅是地主阶级的政治代表，是地主中特别凶恶者。
#§Warlords, officials, local tyrants and evil gentry are political representatives and exceptionally ruthless members of the landlord class.
富农中亦常有较小的土豪、劣绅。
# Minor local tyrants and evil gentry are also very often to be found among the rich peasants.
§帮助地主收租管家，依靠地主剥削农民为主要的生活来源，其生活状况超过普通中农的一些人，应和地主一例看待。
#§Persons who assist landlords in collecting rent and managing property, who depend on landlord exploitation of the peasants as their main source of income and are better off than the average middle peasant shall be put in the same category as landlords.
§依靠高利贷剥削为主要生活来源，其生活状况超过普通中农的人，称为高利贷者，应和地主一例看待。
#§Usurers are persons who rely on exploitation by usury as their main source of income, are better off than the average middle peasant, and shall be put in the same category as landlords.
§二 富农
#§II. # THE RICH PEASANT
§富农一般占有土地。
#§The rich peasant as a rule owns land.
但也有自己占有一部分土地，另租入一部分土地的。
# But some rich peasants own only part of their land and rent the remainder.
也有自己全无土地，全部土地都是租入的。
# Others have no land of their own at all and rent all their land.
富农一般都占有比较优裕的生产工具和活动资本，自己参加劳动，但经常地依靠剥削为其生活来源的一部或大部。
# The rich peasant generally has rather more and better instruments of production and more liquid capital than the average and engages in labour himself, but always relies on exploitation for part or even the major part of his income.
富农的剥削方式，主要是剥削雇佣劳动（请长工）。
# His main form of exploitation is the hiring of labour (long-term labourers).
富农多半还管公堂。
# Most rich peasants also engage in the administration of communal land.
有的占有相当多的优良土地，除自己劳动之外并不雇工，而另以地租债利等方式剥削农民，此种情况也应以富农看待。
# A person who owns a fair amount of good land, farms some of it himself without hiring labour, but exploits other peasants by means of land rent, loan interest or in other ways, shall also be treated as a rich peasant.
富农的剥削是经常的，许多富农的剥削收入在其全部收入中并且是主要的。
# Rich peasants regularly practice exploitation and many derive most of their income from this source.
§三 中农
#§III. # THE MIDDLE PEASANT
有些中农只占有一部分土地，另租入一部分土地。
# Some own only part of their land and rent the rest.
有些中农并无土地，全部土地都是租入的。
# Others own no land of their own at all and rent all their land.
中农自己都有相当的工具。
# All of them have a fair number of farm implements.
中农一般不剥削别人，许多中农还要受别人小部分地租债利等剥削。
# As a rule he does not exploit others and in many cases he himself is exploited by others, having to pay a small amount in land rent and in interest on loans.