这对于指挥内战、制造分裂、并欲在这次事变中置蒋氏于死地的日本帝国主义和中国讨伐派的阴谋,给了一个打击。
# It is a blow to the intrigues conducted by the Japanese imperialists and the Chinese "punitive" groupto stage-manage a civil war, foment splits and get Chiang killed in the Sian Incident.
日本帝国主义和中国讨伐派的失望,已显而易见。
# Their disappointment is already apparent.
蒋氏此种觉悟的表示,可以看作国民党愿意结束其十年错误政策的一种表示。
# The indication that Chiang Kai-shek is beginning to wake up may be considered a sign of the Kuomintang's willingness to end the wrong policy it has pursued for ten years.
§蒋介石氏十二月二十六日在洛阳发表了一个声明,即所谓《对张杨的训词》,内容含含糊糊,曲曲折折,实为中国政治文献中一篇有趣的文章。
#§On December 26 Chiang Kai-shek issued a statement in Loyang, the so-called "Admonition to Chang Hsueh-liang and Yang Hucheng", which is so ambiguous and evasive as to be an interesting specimen among China's political documents.
蒋氏果欲从这次事变获得深刻的教训,而为建立国民党的新生命有所努力,结束其传统的对外妥协、对内用兵、对民压迫的错误政策,将国民党引导到和人民愿望不相违背的地位,那末,他就应该有一篇在政治上痛悔已往开辟将来的更好些的文章,以表现其诚意。
# If Chiang really wants to draw a serious lesson from the incident and try to revitalize the Kuomintang, and if he wants to end his consistently wrong policy of compromise in foreign affairs and of civil war and oppression at home, so that the Kuomintang will no longer stand opposed to the wishes of the people, then as a token of good faith he should have produced a better piece of writing, repenting his political past and setting a new course for the future.
十二月二十六日的声明,是不能满足中国人民大众的要求的。
# The statement of December 26 cannot meet the demands of the Chinese masses.
意思是说他在西安对于张杨所提出的条件没有签字,但是愿意采纳那些有利于国家民族的要求,不会因为未签字而不守信用。
# This means that, although he did not sign the terms set forth by Chang and Yang in Sian, he is willing to accept such demands as are beneficial to the state and the nation and will not break his word on the grounds that he did not sign.
我们将在蒋氏撤兵后看他是否确守信义,是否实行他所允诺的条件。
# We shall see whether, after he has withdrawn his troops, Chiang will act in good faith and carry out the terms he has accepted.
这些条件是:(一)改组国民党与国民政府,驱逐亲日派,容纳抗日分子;(二)释放上海爱国领袖,释放一切政治犯,保证人民的自由权利;(三)停止“剿共”政策,联合红军抗日;(四)召集各党各派各界各军的救国会议,决定抗日救亡方针;(五)与同情中国抗日的国家建立合作关系;(六)其它具体的救国办法。
# The terms are: #§(1) to reorganize the Kuomintang and the National Government, expel the pro-Japanese group and admit anti-Japanese elements; #§(2) to release the patriotic leaders in Shanghaiand all other political prisoners, and guarantee the freedoms and rights of the people; #§(3) to end the policy of "suppressing the Communists" and enter into an alliance with the Red Army to resist Japan; #§(4) to convene a national salvation conference, representing all parties, groups, sections of the population and armies, to decide on the policy of resisting Japan and saving the nation; #§(5) to enter into co-operation with countries sympathetic to China's resistance to Japan; and#§(6) to adopt other specific ways and means to save the nation.
这些条件的实行,首先需要确守信义,并且需要一些勇气。
#§The fulfilment of these terms requires above all good faith, and also some courage.
§然而蒋氏声明中又有西安事变系受“反动派”包围的话。
#§But his statement contains the remark that the Sian Incident was brought about under the pressure of "reactionaries".
可惜蒋氏没有说明他所谓“反动派”究系一些什么人物,也不知道蒋氏字典中的“反动派”三字作何解释。
# It is a pity that he did not explain what kind of people he meant by "reactionaries", nor is it clear how the word "reactionary" is defined in Chiang's dictionary.
但是西安事变的发动,确系受下列数种势力的影响:(一)张杨部队及西北革命人民的抗日怒潮的高涨;(二)全国人民的抗日怒潮的高涨;(三)国民党左派势力的发展;(四)各省实力派的抗日救国的要求;(五)共产党的抗日民族统一战线的主张;(六)世界和平阵线的发展。
# However, what is certain is that the Sian Incident took place under the influence of the following forces: #§(1) the mounting indignation against Japan among the troops of Generals Chang and Yang and among the revolutionary people of the Northwest; #§(2) the mounting indignation against Japan among the people of the whole country; #§(3) the growth of the Left forces in the Kuomintang; #§(4) the demand by the groups in power in various provinces for resistance to Japan and for the salvation of the nation; #§(5) the stand taken by the Communist Party for a national united front against Japan; and#§(6) the development of the world peace front.
这些都是无可讳言的事实。
#§All these are indisputable facts.
蒋氏所说的“反动派”,不是别的,就是这些势力,不过人们叫作革命派,蒋氏则叫作“反动派”罢了。
# It is just these forces that Chiang calls "reactionary"; while other people call them revolutionary, Chiang calls them "reactionary"--that is all.
蒋氏在西安曾说了将要认真抗日的话,当不至一出西安又肆力攻击革命势力,因为不但信义问题关系蒋氏及其一派的政治生命,而且在实际的政治道路上,在蒋氏及其一派面前横着一种已经膨胀起来而不利于他们的势力,这就是在西安事变中欲置蒋氏于死地的所谓讨伐派。
# Since he declared in Sian that he would fight Japan in earnest, presumably he will not resume violent attacks on the revolutionary forces immediately after leaving Sian; not only does his own political life and that of his group hang upon his good faith, but they now have confronting them and obstructing their political path a force which has expanded to their detriment-- the "punitive" group which tried to get him killed in the Sian Incident.
因此,我们劝蒋氏将其政治字典修改一下,将“反动派”三字改为革命派三字,改得名副其实,较为妥当。
# We therefore advise Chiang Kai-shek to revise his political dictionary, changing the word "reactionary" to "revolutionary", for it is better to use terms corresponding to the facts.
§蒋氏应当记忆,他之所以能够安然离开西安,除西安事变的领导者张杨二将军之外,共产党的调停,实与有力。
#§Chiang should remember that he owes his safe departure from Sian to the mediation of the Communist Party, as well as to the efforts of Generals Chang and Yang, the leaders in the Sian Incident.
共产党在西安事变中主张和平解决,并为此而作了种种努力,全系由民族生存的观点出发。
# Throughout the incident, the Communist Party stood for a peaceful settlement and made every effort to that end, acting solely in the interests of national survival.
设使内战扩大,张杨长期禁锢蒋氏,则事变的进展徒然有利于日本帝国主义和中国讨伐派。
# Had the civil war spread and had Chang and Yang kept Chiang Kai-shek in custody for long, the incident could only have developed in favour of the Japanese imperialists and the Chinese "punitive" group.
在这种情形下,共产党坚决揭破日本帝国主义和中国讨伐派汪精卫、何应钦等的阴谋,坚决主张和平解决这次事变,这和张杨二将军及宋子文氏等国民党人的主张可谓不谋而合。
# It was in these circumstances that the Communist Party firmly exposed the intrigues of the Japanese imperialists and of Wang Ching-wei, Ho Ying- chinand other members of the Chinese "punitive" group, and firmly advocated a peaceful settlement, which happened to coincide with the views of Generals Chang Hsueh-liang and Yang Hu-cheng and such members of the Kuomintang as T.
V.
Soong.
这就是全国人民的主张,因为现在的内战是人民所痛恶的。
# This is exactly what the people throughout the country call for, because they bitterly detest the present civil war.
§蒋氏已因接受西安条件而恢复自由了。
#§Chiang was set free upon his acceptance of the Sian terms.
今后的问题是蒋氏是否不打折扣地实行他自己“言必信,行必果”的诺言,将全部救亡条件切实兑现。
# From now on the question is whether he will carry out to the letter his pledge that "promises must be kept and action must be resolute", and strictly fulfil all the terms for saving the nation.