我现在想讲的是:主观主义和宗派主义怎样拿党八股做它们的宣传工具,或表现形式。
# I now want to discuss the ways subjectivism and sectarianism use stereotyped Party writing (or the Party "eight-legged essay") as their instrument of propaganda or form of expression.
我们反对主观主义和宗派主义,如果不连党八股也给以清算,那它们就还有一个藏身的地方,它们还可以躲起来。
# We are fighting against subjectivism and sectarianism, but they will still have a hiding-place to lurk in if at the same time we do not get rid of stereotyped Party writing.
如果我们连党八股也打倒了,那就算对于主观主义和宗派主义最后地“将一军”,弄得这两个怪物原形毕露,“老鼠过街,人人喊打”,这两个怪物也就容易消灭了。
# If we destroy that too, we shall "checkmate" subjectivism and sectarianism and make both these monsters show themselves in their true colours, and then we shall easily be able to annihilate them, like "rats running across the street with everyone yelling: Kill them!
Kill them!"
如果送给第二个人看,人数多了一倍,已属害人不浅。
# If he passes them on to someone else, the number of readers is doubled, and already no small harm is done.
如果还要贴在墙上,或付油印,或登上报纸,或印成一本书,那问题可就大了,它就可以影响许多的人。
# If he has them posted up, mimeographed, printed in newspapers or published in book form, then the problem becomes indeed a big one, for they can influence many people.
§党八股也就是一种洋八股。
#§Stereotyped Party writing is, moreover, one brand of the "foreign stereotype",
我们为什么又叫它做党八股呢?
# Why then do we call it the Party "eight-legged essay"?
§党八股在我们党内已经有了一个长久的历史;特别是在土地革命时期,有时竟闹得很严重。
#§Stereotyped Party writing has a long history in our Party; particularly during the Agrarian Revolution, it sometimes became quite rampant.
§从历史来看,党八股是对于五四运动的一个反动。
#§Viewed historically, stereotyped Party writing is a reaction to the May 4th Movement.
§五四运动时期,一班新人物反对文言文,提倡白话文,反对旧教条,提倡科学和民主,这些都是很对的。
#§During the May 4th Movement, modern-minded people opposed the use of the classical Chinese language and advocated vernacular Chinese, opposed the traditional dogmas and advocated science and democracy, all of which was quite right.
在那时,这个运动是生动活泼的,前进的,革命的。
# The movement then was vigorous and lively, progressive and revolutionary.
那时的统治阶级都拿孔夫子的道理教学生,把孔夫子的一套当作宗教教条一样强迫人民信奉,做文章的人都用文言文。
# In those days the ruling classes indoctrinated students with Confucian teachings and compelled the people to venerate all the trappings of Confucianism as religious dogma, and all writers used the classical language.
总之,那时统治阶级及其帮闲者们的文章和教育,不论它的内容和形式,都是八股式的,教条式的。
# In short, what was written and taught by the ruling classes and their hangers-on was in the nature of stereotyped writing and dogma, both in content and in form.
这就是老八股、老教条。
# That was the old stereotype and the old dogma.
揭穿这种老八股、老教条的丑态给人民看,号召人民起来反对老八股、老教条,这就是五四运动时期的一个极大的功绩。
# A tremendous achievement of the May 4th Movement was its public exposure of the ugliness of the old stereotype and the old dogma and its call to the people to rise against them.
五四运动还有和这相联系的反对帝国主义的大功绩;这个反对老八股、老教条的斗争,也是它的大功绩之一。
# Another great and related achievement was its fight against imperialism, but the struggle against the old stereotype and the old dogma remains one of the great achievements of the May 4th Movement.
我们党内的一些违反了马克思主义的人则发展这种洋八股、洋教条,成为主观主义、宗派主义和党八股的东西。
# Running counter to Marxism, certain people in our Party developed the foreign stereotype and dogma into subjectivism, sectarianism and stereotyped Party writing.
这些就都是新八股、新教条。
# These are the new stereotype and the new dogma.
这种新八股、新教条,在我们许多同志的头脑中弄得根深蒂固,使我们今天要进行改造工作还要费很大的气力。
# They have become so deeply ingrained in the minds of many comrades that today we still have a very strenuous job of remoulding to do.
这样看来,“五四”时期的生动活泼的、前进的、革命的、反对封建主义的老八股、老教条的运动,后来被一些人发展到了它的反对方面,产生了新八股、新教条。
# Thus we see that the lively, vigorous, progressive and revolutionary movement of the May 4th period which fought the old feudal stereotyped writing and dogma was later turned by some people into its very opposite, giving rise to the new stereotyped writing and dogma.
它们不是生动活泼的东西,而是死硬的东西了;不是前进的东西,而是后退的东西了;不是革命的东西,而是阻碍革命的东西了。
# The latter are not lively and vigorous but dead and stiff, not progressive but retrogressive, not revolutionary but obstacles to revolution.
这就是说,洋八股或党八股,是五四运动本来性质的反动。
# That is to say, the foreign stereotyped writing, or stereotyped Party writing, is a reaction to the original nature of the May 4th Movement.
但五四运动本身也是有缺点的。
# The May 4th Movement, however, had its own weaknesses.
那时的许多领导人物,还没有马克思主义的批判精神,他们使用的方法,一般地还是资产阶级的方法,即形式主义的方法。
# Many of the leaders lacked the critical spirit of Marxism, and the method they used was generally that of the bourgeoisie, that is, the formalist method.