§去年冬季开始，我党高级干部学习了党史中的两条路线问题。
#§Since last winter, the senior cadres of our Party have been studying the question of the two lines that existed in the history of the Party.
这次学习使广大高级干部的政治水平大大地提高了。
# This has very greatly raised the political level of those numerous senior cadres.
在这次学习中，同志们提出了许多问题，中央政治局曾对其中的几个重要问题作了结论。
# In the course of the study, comrades have brought up many questions, and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee has reached conclusions on some of the important ones.
这些结论是：
# They are as follows:
§（一）关于研究历史经验应取何种态度问题。
#§1. # On the question of what attitude to adopt in studying our historical experience.
中央认为应使干部对于党内历史问题在思想上完全弄清楚，同时对于历史上犯过错误的同志在作结论时应取宽大的方针，以便一方面，彻底了解我党历史经验，避免重犯错误；又一方面，能够团结一切同志，共同工作。
# The Central Committee holds that we should enable the cadres to become perfectly clear ideologically on the questions which arose in the history of the Party and that at the same time we should adopt a lenient policy in arriving at decisions about comrades who formerly committed errors, so that on the one hand the cadres should thoroughly understand the historical experience of our Party and avoid repeating past errors, and on the other hand all comrades can be united for our common endeavour.
我党历史上，曾经有过反对陈独秀错误路线和李立三错误路线的大斗争，这些斗争是完全应该的。
# In the history of our Party there were great struggles against the erroneous lines of Chen Tu-hsiu and of Li Li-san, and they were absolutely necessary.
但其方法有缺点：一方面，没有使干部在思想上彻底了解当时错误的原因、环境和改正此种错误的详细办法，以致后来又可能重犯同类性质的错误；另一方面，太着重了个人的责任，未能团结更多的人共同工作。
# But there were defects in the methods employed. # For one thing, the cadres were not brought to a full ideological understanding of the causes of these errors, the circumstances in which they were committed and the detailed ways and means of correcting them, so that errors of a similar nature came to be repeated; and for another, too much stress was placed on the responsibility of individuals, so that we failed to unite as many people as we could have done for our common endeavour.
这次处理历史问题，不应着重于一些个别同志的责任方面，而应着重于当时环境的分析，当时错误的内容，当时错误的社会根源、历史根源和思想根源，实行惩前毖后、治病救人的方针，借以达到既要弄清思想又要团结同志这样两个目的。
# This time, in dealing with questions of Party history we should lay the stress not on the responsibility of certain individual comrades but on the analysis of the circumstances in which the errors were committed, on the content of the errors and on their social, historical and ideological roots, and this should be done in the spirit of "learning from past mistakes to avoid future ones" and "curing the sickness to save the patient", in order to achieve the twofold objective of clarity in ideology and unity among comrades.
对于人的处理问题取慎重态度，既不含糊敷衍，又不损害同志，这是我们的党兴旺发达的标志之一。
# The adoption of a careful attitude in handling cases of individual comrades, neither glossing things over nor doing harm to comrades, is a sign that our Party is vigorous and flourishing
例如对于四中全会至遵义会议时期中央的领导路线问题，应作两方面的分析：一方面，应指出那个时期中央领导机关所采取的政治策略、军事策略和干部政策在其主要方面都是错误的；另一方面，应指出当时犯错误的同志在反对蒋介石、主张土地革命和红军斗争这些基本问题上面，和我们之间是没有争论的。
# The question concerning the line of the central leadership during the period from the Fourth Plenary Session to the Tsunyi Meeting, for example, should be analysed from two aspects. # It should be pointed out on the one hand that the political tactics, the military tactics and the cadres policy which the central leading body adopted during that period were wrong in their main aspects, but on the other hand that on such fundamental issues as opposing Chiang Kai-shek and carrying on the Agrarian Revolution and the struggle of the Red Army there was no dispute between ourselves and the comrades who committed errors.
即在策略方面也要进行分析。
# And even the tactical side needs to be analysed.
例如在土地问题上，当时的错误是实行了地主不分田、富农分坏田的过左政策，但在没收地主土地分给无地和少地的农民这一点上，则是和我们一致的。
# On the land question, for instance, their error consisted in the ultra-Left policy of allotting no land to the landlords and poor land to the rich peasants, but these comrades were at one with us on confiscating the land of the landlords for distribution among peasants who had little or no land.
列宁说，对于具体情况作具体的分析，是“马克思主义的最本质的东西、马克思主义的活的灵魂”。
# Concrete analysis of concrete conditions, Lenin said, is "the most essential thing in Marxism, the living soul of Marxism".
我们许多同志缺乏分析的头脑，对于复杂事物，不愿作反复深入的分析研究，而爱作绝对肯定或绝对否定的简单结论。
# Lacking an analytical approach, many of our comrades do not want to go deeply into complex matters, to analyse and study them over and over again, but like to draw simple conclusions which are either absolutely affirmative or absolutely negative.
我们报纸上分析文章的缺乏，党内分析习惯的还没有完全养成，都表示这个毛病的存在。
# The fact that our newspapers are lacking in analytical articles and that the habit of analysis is not yet fully cultivated in the Party shows that there are such shortcomings.
§（三）关于党的第六次全国代表大会文件的讨论。
#§3. # On the discussion of the documents of the Sixth National Congress of the Party.
应该指出，第六次全国代表大会的路线是基本上正确的，因为它确定了现时革命的资产阶级民主主义性质，确定了当时形势是处在两个革命高潮之间，批判了机会主义和盲动主义，发布了十大纲领等，这些都是正确的。
# It should be stated that the line of the Sixth National Congress was basically correct, since that Congress defined the character of the present revolution as bourgeois-democratic, defined the situation at that time as an interval between two revolutionary high tides, repudiated opportunism and putschism and promulgated the Ten-Point Programme.
第六次全国代表大会亦有缺点，例如没有指出中国革命的极大的长期性和农村根据地在中国革命中的极大的重要性，以及还有其它若干缺点或错误。
# All this was correct. #The Congress also had its defects. # For instance, among its other shortcomings or mistakes, it failed to point out the very protracted nature of the Chinese revolution and the very great importance of rural base areas in the revolution.
但无论如何，第六次全国代表大会在我党历史上是起了进步作用的。
# Nonetheless, the Sixth National Congress played a progressive role in the history of our Party.
§（四）关于一九三一年上海临时中央及在其后由此临时中央召开的五中全会是否合法的问题。
#§4. # On the question of whether the provisional central leadership that was formed in Shanghai in 1931 and the Fifth Plenary Session which it subsequently convened were legal or not.
中央认为是合法的，但应指出其选举手续不完备，并以此作为历史教训。
# The Central Committee holds that both were legal, but it should be stated that the procedures for the election were inadequate and that this case should be taken as a historical lesson.
§（五）关于党内历史上的宗派问题。
#§5. # On the question of factions in the history of the Party.
应该指出，我党历史上存在过并且起了不良作用的宗派，经过遵义会议以来的几次变化，现在已经不存在了。
# It should be stated that as a result of the series of changes since the Tsunyi Meeting the factions which formerly existed and played an unwholesome role in the history of our Party no longer exist.