§我们在敌后解放区中那些比较巩固的根据地内,能够和必须发动军民的生产运动的问题,早已解决了,不成问题了。
#§It is already admitted and there is no longer any doubt that production campaigns can and must be conducted in the army and among the people in the relatively stable bases of the Liberated Areas behind the enemy lines.
但是在游击区中,在敌后之敌后,是否也能够这样,在过去,在许多人的思想中,还是没有解决的,这是因为还缺少证明的缘故。
# But whether they can be conducted in the guerrilla zones and in the furthermost areas behind the enemy lines has not yet been settled in many people's minds for want of proof.
根据一月二十八日《解放日报》所载张平凯同志关于晋察冀游击队的生产运动的报道,晋察冀边区的许多游击区内,已于一九四四年进行了大规模的生产,并且收到了极好的成绩。
# In 1944 production was undertaken on a considerable scale in many guerrilla zones and with excellent results, according to Comrade Chang Ping-kai's report on the production campaign of the guerrilla units in the Shansi-Chahar-Hopei border area, published in the Liberation Daily of January 28.
张同志报道中所提到的区域和部队,有冀中的第六分区,第二分区的第四区队,第四分区的第八区队,徐定支队,保满支队,云彪支队,有山西的代县和崞县的部队。
# The districts and units listed in his report are: in central Hopei, the sixth sub-region, the fourth district contingent of the second sub-region, the eighth district contingent of the fourth sub-region, the Hsushui-Tinghsien detachment, the Paoting-Mancheng detachment and the Yunpiao detachment; and in Shansi, the troops in the counties of Taihsien and Kuchsien.
那些区域的环境是很恶劣的:“敌伪据点碉堡林立,沟墙公路如网,敌人利用它的军事上的优势和便利的交通条件,时常对我袭击,包围,‘清剿’;游击队为了应付环境,往往一日数处地转移。”
# Conditions in those areas are most unfavourable: #The place bristles with enemy and puppet strongpoints and blockhouses and is criss-crossed with ditches, walls and roads, and taking advantage of his military superiority and communication facilities, the enemy often launches surprise attacks and encirclement and "mopping-up" campaigns against us. # Under such conditions the guerrilla units often have to shift their positions several times a day.
然而他们仍然能够于战争的间隙,进行了生产。
#§Nevertheless, the guerrilla units have managed to carry on production in the intervals between fighting.
其结果:“使得大家的给养有了改善,每人每日增加到五钱油和盐,一斤菜,每月斤半肉。
# The results are: #§Everybody is now better fed--each person has 0. 5 liang of cooking oil and salt and 1 chin of vegetables per day, and 1. 5 chin of meat per month.
而且几年没有用过的牙刷、牙粉和识字本,现在也都齐全了。”
# Furthermore, tooth-brushes, tooth-powder and reading primers, which for years were unavailable, are now all provided.
§许多人说:人稠的地方没有土地。
# Many people claim that there is no spare land in the densely populated areas.
果真没有土地吗?
# Is there really no spare land?
请看晋察冀:“首先在农业为主的方针下,解决了土地问题。
# Again please look at the Shansi-Chahar-Hopei border area:
他们共有九种办法:第一,平毁封锁墙沟;第二,平毁可被敌人利用的汽车路,在其两旁种上庄稼;第三,利用小块荒地;第四,协助民兵,用武装掩护,月夜强种敌人堡垒底下的土地;第五,与缺乏劳动力的农民伙耕;第六,部队化装,用半公开的形式,耕种敌人据点碉堡旁边的土地;第七,利用河沿,筑堤修滩,起沙成地;第八,协助农民改旱地为水地;第九,利用自己活动的村庄,到处伴种。”
#§First, the land problem has been settled in accordance with the policy of giving primary attention to agriculture. # They use nine methods in all: (1) razing walls and filling in ditches used by the enemy for blockade purposes; (2) destroying motor roads the enemy may use and planting crops along them; (3) making use of small pieces of waste land; (4) helping the people's militia by providing armed protection when, on moonlit nights, crops are planted in the fields around the blockhouses in defiance of the enemy; (5) ploughing the fields in partnership with peasants who are short of labour power; (6) ploughing the fields around the enemy's strongpoints or blockhouses more or less openly, using soldiers dressed as peasants; (7) making use of river banks by building dykes, removing the sand and turning the banks into fields; (8) helping peasants bring dry land under irrigation; and (9) helping in the farm work in every village in which they are active.
§农业生产是可以的,手工业及其它生产大概不能吧?
#§But if agriculture is possible, perhaps handicrafts and other production remain impossible?
果真不能吗?
# Is that actually the case?
请看晋察冀:“沟线外部队的生产,不限于农业,而且也和巩固区一样,开展了手工业和运输业。
# Please look at the Shansi-Chahar-Hopei border area: #§The troops in the vicinity of the enemy's blockade lines or blockade ditches do not confine their production to agriculture but, as in the stable areas, have also developed handicrafts and transport.
第四区队开设了一个毡帽坊,一个油坊,一个面坊,七个月中盈利五十万元本币。
# The fourth district contingent has set up a felt-cap workshop, an oil press and a flour mill, and in seven months has netted a profit of 500,000 yuan in local currency.
不仅解决了本身困难,而且游击区群众的需要也解决了。
# Not only has it settled its own difficulties but it is satisfying the needs of the people in its guerrilla zone.
毛衣毛袜等,战士们已能全部自给。”
# The soldiers can now provide all their own woollen sweaters and socks.
§游击区战斗那样频繁,军队从事生产,恐怕要影响作战吧?
#§Since military operations are so frequent in the guerrilla zones, perhaps fighting is affected if the troops engage in production?
请看晋察冀:“实现了劳力和武力相结合的原则,把战斗任务和生产任务同样看重。”
#Please look at the Shansi-Chahar-Hopei border area: #§Applying the principle of integrating labour power and armed strength, they give equal importance to the tasks of production and fighting.
“以第二分区第四区队为例。
#§And Take, for instance, the fourth district contingent of the second sub-region.
当春耕开始时,就派有专门的部队去打击敌人,并进行强有力的政治攻势。
# When they began their spring ploughing, they sent a special detachment to attack the enemy and at the same time launched a powerful political offensive.
正因为这样,军事动作也积极了,部队战斗力也提高了。
# Precisely because of this, there was greater activity in the military sphere, too, and the combat effectiveness of the troops increased.
这个小部队从二月至九月初,作了七十一次战斗,攻下了朱东社、上庄、野庄、凤家寨、崖头等据点,毙伤敌伪一百六十五名,俘伪军九十一名,缴了三挺轻机枪,一百零一枝长短枪。”
# From February to early September this small detachment fought 71 encounters, took the strongholds of Chutungsheh, Shangchuang, Yehchuang, Fengchiachai and Yaitou, inflicted 165 casualties on the enemy and puppet troops, and captured 91 puppet soldiers, 3 light machine-guns and 101 rifles and pistols.