司徒雷登是一个在中国出生的美国人，在中国有相当广泛的社会联系，在中国办过多年的教会学校，在抗日时期坐过日本人的监狱，平素装着爱美国也爱中国，颇能迷惑一部分中国人，因此被马歇尔看中，做了驻华大使，成为马歇尔系统中的风云人物之一。
#§ Leighton Stuart is an American born in China; he has fairly wide social connections and spent many years running missionary schools in China, he once sat in a Japanese gaol during the War of Resistance; he used to pretend to love both the United States and China and was able to deceive quite a number of Chinese. #§ Hence, he was picked out by George C.
Marshall, was made U.S. ambassador to China and became a celebrity in the Marshall group.
在马歇尔系统看来，他只有一个缺点，就是在他代表马歇尔系统的政策在中国当大使的整个时期，恰恰就是这个政策彻底地被中国人民打败了的时期，这个责任可不小。
#§In the eyes of the Marshall group he had only one fault, namely, that the whole period when he was ambassador to China as an exponent of their policy was the very period in which that policy was utterly defeated by the Chinese people; that was no small responsibility.
以脱卸责任为目的的白皮书，当然应该在司徒雷登将到未到的日子发表为适宜。
# § It is only natural that the White Paper, which is designed to evade this responsibility, should have been published at a time when Leighton Stuart was on his way to Washington but had not yet arrived.
美国出钱出枪，蒋介石出人，替美国打仗杀中国人，借以变中国为美国殖民地的战争，组成了美国帝国主义在第二次世界大战以后的世界侵略政策的一个重大的部分。
#§The war to turn China into a U.S. colony, a war in which the United States of America supplies the money and guns and Chiang Kai-shek the men to fight for the United States and slaughter the Chinese people, has been an important component of the U.S. imperialist policy of world-wide aggression since World War II.
美国侵略政策的对象有好几个部分。
#§ The U.S. policy of aggression has several targets.
欧洲部分，亚洲部分，美洲部分，这三个是主要的部分。
# §The three main targets are Europe, Asia and the Americas.
中国是亚洲的重心，是一个具有四亿七千五百万人口的大国，夺取了中国，整个亚洲都是它的了。
#§ China, the centre of gravity in Asia, is a large country with a population of 475 million; by seizing China, the United States would possess all of Asia.
美帝国主义在美洲的战线，它是认为比较地巩固的。
#§U.S. imperialism considers its front in the Americas relatively secure.
这些就是美国侵略者的整个如意算盘。
# §These are the smug over-all calculations of the U.S. aggressors.
可是，一则美国的和全世界的人民都不要战争；二则欧洲人民的觉悟，东欧各人民民主国家的兴起，特别是苏联这个空前强大的和平堡垒耸立在欧亚两洲之间，顽强地抵抗着美国的侵略政策，使美国的注意力大部分被吸引住了；三则，这是主要的，中国人民的觉悟，中国共产党领导的武装力量和民众组织力量已经空前地强大起来了。
#§But in the first place, the American people and the peoples of the world do not want war. # §Secondly, the attention of the United States has largely been absorbed by the awakening of the peoples of Europe, by the rise of the People's Democracies in Eastern Europe, and particularly by the towering presence of the Soviet Union, this unprecedentedly powerful bulwark of peace bestriding Europe and Asia, and by its strong resistance to the U.S. policy of aggression. # §Thirdly, and this is most important, the Chinese people have awakened, and the armed forces and the organized strength of the people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China have become more powerful than ever before.
这样，就迫使美帝国主义的当权集团不能采取大规模地直接地武装进攻中国的政策，而采取了帮助蒋介石打内战的政策。
# §Consequently, the ruling clique of U.S. imperialism has been prevented from adopting a policy of direct, large-scale armed attacks on China and instead has adopted a policy of helping Chiang Kai-shek fight the civil war.
美国的海陆空军已经在中国参加了战争。
#§U.S. naval, ground and air forces did participate in the war in China.
青岛、上海和台湾，有美国的海军基地。
#§ There were U.S. naval bases in Tsingtao, Shanghai and Taiwan.
美国的空军控制了全中国，并从空中拍摄了全中国战略要地的军用地图。
#§ The U.S. air force controlled all of China's air space and took aerial photographs of all China's strategic areas for military maps.
在北平附近的安平镇，在长春附近的九台，在唐山，在胶东半岛，美国的军队或军事人员曾经和人民解放军接触过，被人民解放军俘虏过多次。
#§At the town of Anping near Peiping, at Chiutai near Changchun, at Tangshan and in the Eastern Shantung Peninsula, U.S. troops and other military personnel clashed with the People's Liberation Army and on several occasions were captured.
陈纳德航空队曾经广泛地参战。
#§ Chennault's air fleet took an extensive part in the civil war.
美国的空军除替蒋介石运兵外，又炸沉了起义的重庆号巡洋舰。
#§ Besides transporting troops for Chiang Kai-shek, the U.S. air force bombed and sank the cruiser Chungking, which had mutinied against the Kuomintang.
所有这些，都是直接参战的行动，只是还没有公开宣布作战，并且规模还不算大，而以大规模地出钱出枪出顾问人员帮助蒋介石打内战为主要的侵略方式。
#§ All these were acts of direct participation in the war, although they fell short of an open declaration of war and were not large in scale, and although the principal method of U.S. aggression was the large-scale supply of money, munitions and advisers to help Chiang Kai-shek fight the civil war.
美国之所以采取这种方式，是被中国和全世界的客观形势所决定的，并不是美帝国主义的当权派――杜鲁门、马歇尔系统不想直接侵略中国。
#§The use of this method by the United States was determined by the objective situation in China and the rest of the world, and not by any lack of desire on the part of the Truman-Marshall group, the ruling clique of U.S. imperialism, to launch direct aggression against China.
在助蒋作战的开头，又曾演过一出美国出面调处国共两党争端的文明戏，企图软化中国共产党和欺骗中国人民，不战而控制全中国。
#§ Moreover, at the outset of its help to Chiang Kai-shek in fighting the civil war, a crude farce was staged in which the United States appeared as mediator in the conflict between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party; this was an attempt to soften up the Communist Party of China, deceive the Chinese people and thus gain control of all China without fighting.
和谈失败了，欺骗不行了，战争揭幕了。
# § The peace negotiations failed, the deception fell through and the curtain rose on the war.
对于美国怀着幻想的善忘的自由主义者或所谓“民主个人主义”者们，请你们看一看艾奇逊的话：“和平来到的时候，美国在中国碰到了三种可能的选择：（一）它可以一干二净地撤退；（二）它可以实行大规模的军事干涉，帮助国民党毁灭共产党；（三）它可以帮助国民党把他们的权力在中国最大可能的地区里面建立起来，同时却努力促成双方的妥协来避免内战。”
#§Liberals or "democratic individualists" who cherish illusions about the United States and have short memories! # § Please look at Acheson's own words: #§When peace came the United States was confronted with three possible alternatives in China: (1) it could have pulled out lock, stock and barrel; (2) it could have intervened militarily on a major scale to assist the Nationalists to destroy the Communists, (3) it could, while assisting the Nationalists to assert their authority over as much of China as possible, endeavor to avoid a civil war by working for a compromise between the two sides.
为什么不采取第一个政策呢？
#§Why didn't the United States adopt the first of these policies?
艾奇逊说：“我相信当时的美国民意认为，第一种选择等于叫我们不要坚决努力地先做一番补救工作，就把我们的国际责任，把我们对华友好的传统政策，统统放弃。”
#§ Acheson says: The first alternative would, and I believe American public opinion at the time so felt, have represented an abandonment of our international responsibilities and of our traditional policy of friendship for China before we had made a determined effort to be of assistance.